MI 263- Fluoro Intro fall 2026

images obtained for esophagus studies in fluoro

1. RAO (if cannot tolerate, then LAO) ONLY

**other images are per RA

images obtained for upper GI series in fluoro

1. AP or PA scout

2. RAO (only for single)

3. PA

4. right lateral

who discovered fluoroscope

• thomas edison

room 5 has what detector

flat panel detector (17×17)

room 7 has what detector

II

what room do you HAVE to do overhead images?

room 7 (need to add detector)

this is a picture of fluoro machines for what area/ room?

5 & 7

frames per second (FPS)

how many images the pulsed fluoro takes

(15-30 frames per second typically)

spot image (digi spot)

regular xray image (still image)

how to limit exposures in fluoro

• limit mag mode

• limit field size

• filtration

• 5 minute audible timer

• SSD (source to skin distance)

federal regulations tabletop exposure rates should not exceed ___ mGy per minute

88

NCRP states __” (38cm) for FIXED UNITS

15”

NCRP states ___” (30cm) for MOBILE UNITS

12”

how to shield if tube is ABOVE patient

put shield on TOP

how to shield if tube is below patient?

put shield underneath them

safest spot for tech to stand during fluoro procedure

90 degree angle from patient (behind lead shield or console)

what is this in fluoro?

compression cone

what is this in fluoro?

compression paddle

what is this in fluoro?

stirrups

what is this in fluoro?

shoulder support (myelograms)

what is the purpose of contrast agents?

enhancement of certain low contrast areas to better visualize

positive contrast agents examples in fluoro

1. barium sulfate (EZ HD)

2. iodinated contrast (OMNIPAQUE or GASTROGRAFIN)

negative contrast agents examples in fluoro

1. air; EZ gas

2. CO2 (agniography, vascular)

3. O2

positive contrast shows up as ___, while negative contrast shows up as ___

white; black

EZ HD “heavy duty” (thick barium) is best for

visualization of the details of the mucosa

EZ HD is NOT used on children UNDER

12

Liquid EZ paque (thin barium) is best used for

visualization of motility & function

contraindications for barium uses

• recent surgery in GI tract (pre/post surgery)

• vomiting

• elderly

• known blockage in GI tract

• possible fistula

ionic contrast

• higher chance of reactions

• cheaper

nonionic contrast

• mostly used

2 types of iodinated contrast

1. ionic

2. nonionic

iodine contrast is

water soluble

what can be used in place of barium & is used routinely for spines & joint spaces

iodinated contrast

barium vs iodinated contrast

barium is better for detail & function

single contrast study

• 1 type of contrast used

• typically thin barium

double contrast study

• 2 types of contrast used

• typically thin barium (+) & air (-)

___ contrast will show overall FUNCTION/MOTILITY of body part, as OPPOSED to the DETAILS

single

___ contrast is preferred since you will see BOTH FUNCTION/MOTILITY and MORE DETAIL of the organ

double

air/fluid levels is used for single or double contrast study?

double

upper GI patient prep

• fasting/ NPO for 8 hours prior to study

lower GI patient prep

• fasting/ NPO 8 hours prior to study

• bowel cleansing

  • enemas/ suppositories

• not recommended to smoke or chew gum 8 hours prior to exam

why are preps necessary

bowel/gas contents will overlap anatomy of interest

scout image

• always done when patient had to prep their body for the exam

is prep needed for an esophagus?

nope

types of sterilization

1. autoclave (heat- moist/dry)

2. chemical

3. gas

post procedure documentation for fluoro

• contrast

• fluoro time

• air kerma

double contrast studies are preferred because it assesses

motility, function, & detail

thick barium must be mixed __ minutes prior to exam

5

Liquid EZ paque is used for what studies?

1. esophagus

2. UGI

3. small bowel