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Hydrosphere (Oceans)
Cohesion
Particles of the same substance stick together
Adhesion
Particles of different substances stick together
Surface Tension
The force that creates a film on the surface of the water as particles of water stick together.
Polarity
If a molecule has a slight positive change on one end and slight negative charge on the other end.
Specific Heat
The amount of energy needed to raise something’s temperature by 1 degree celsius.
The water cycle is a continuous cycle of water. It starts with water evaporating, and transpiration, then this water creates condensation, which are formed into clouds. The clouds then precipitate and infiltrate into the ground and percolate. Excess water then comes as runoff ,eventually returning to bodies of water.
Describe the water cycle. Be sure to include the words: Evaporation, Condensation, Precipitation, Transpiration, Infiltration, Runoff, Percolation
High
Water has a _____ specific heat capacity, meaning it takes 1 degree celcius energy to increase its temperature.
Less because water has a high specific heat, so it takes more time for water to heat up and cool down.
Coastal climates have more // less variation in temperature (pick one). Why?
A sea breeze comes from the sea and land breeze comes from inland.
What is the difference between a sea breeze and land breeze?
The uneven heating of land compared to water makes the winds change direction.
What causes coastal breezes to change direction?
It comes from weathering of rocks and runoff.
Where does the salt in the ocean come from?
Salinity can increase with evaporation
Salinity can decrease with melting ice
What can cause salinity to increase or decrease?
PPT
How do we measure salinity (what units?)
Sea temperatures can vary on the surface due to winds.
How does sea temperature vary on the surface?
The thermocline is the transition layer between the warmer mixed water at the surface and the cold deep water below. It is located at the equator.
What is the thermocline and where is it?
As temperature decreases and salinity increases, the density also increases.
How do temperature and salinity affect the density of water?
Surface currents are caused by wind
What are surface currents caused by?
Deep ocean currents are caused by temperature and density differences.
What is a Deep Ocean current and how are they caused?
Makes things that travel a long distance curve as opposed to a straight line.
What is the Coriolis Effect?
Deflects ocean currents to the right in the north and left in the south.
How does the coriolis effect affect ocean currents?
A disturbance that moves in a regular and organized way
What is a wave?
Wind from land bring a rise of seawater that brings up nutrients from the deep ocean.
What is upwelling?
it brings nutrient-rich, cold water from the deep ocean to the surface, fueling phytoplankton growth and supporting vibrant marine ecosystems, including fisheries and diverse marine life.
Why is upwelling important?
Ice melting and Sea temperatures rising
What are the two biggest reasons the sea level is rising?
the measure of acidity in a solution
What is pH?
more acidic 0-14 less acidic
How is the pH scale organized?
Directly absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through surface water.
How does the ocean act as a carbon dioxide filter?
When it absorbs excessive amounts of CO2.
How does the ocean become more acidic?
Making it difficult for them to build and maintain their shells due to a decrease in available carbonate ions in the water.
How does ocean acidification affect marine animals with shells?
