Intro Skeletal System

Includes Powerpoint Material only

What is the First function of the Skeletal System?

Movement

What is the Second function of the Skeletal System?

Support

What is the Third function of the Skeletal System?

Protection

What is the Fourth function of the Skeletal System?

Making Blood

What is the Fifth function of the Skeletal System?

Storage

How does the Skeletal System facilitate Movement?

Skeletal system provides points of attachment for muscles

How does the Skeletal System facilitate Support?

Bones like the backbone is the main support center for the upper body

How does the Skeletal System facilitate Protection?

The bones of your skull protect your brain. Your ribs protect your lungs and heart from injury

How does the Skeletal System facilitate Making Blood?

Red and white blood cells are formed by tissue called marrow, which is in the center of the bone

How does the Skeletal System facilitate Storage?

Bones store minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus, for use by the body

What is the First cell type that makes up Bone?

Osteoblasts

What is the Second cell type that makes up Bone?

Osteocytes

What is the Third cell type that makes up Bone?

Osteoclasts

What do Osteoblasts do for Bones?

Bone building, bone repairing cells in the periosteum

What do Osteocytes do for Bones?

Osteoblast embedded within the bone matrix

What do Osteoclasts do for Bones?

Cells that cause absorption of bone

What is the typical First layer of Bone?

Periosteum

What is the typical Second layer of Bone?

Compact Bone

What is the typical Third layer of Bone?

Spongy Bone

What is the typical Fourth layer of Bone?

Bone Marrow

What does the Periosteum do?

Covers Bones with a dense fibrous membrane. Contains blood vessels. Essential to bone health

What does the Compact Bone do?

Lies beneath the periosteum

What does the Spongy Bone do?

Lies beneath the compact bone

What does the Bone Marrow do?

Fills the gaps between the spongy bone

Features of Compact Bone

Very Dense, Stress Bearing, Haversian Systems, Lamellae, Lacunae, Osteocytes, & Canaliculi

What do Lamellae do for Compact Bone?

Concentric cylinder shaped calcified structure

What do Lacunae do for Compact Bone?

Small lakes containing tissue fluid and osteocytes

What do Osteocytes do for Compact Bone?

Facilitate exchange of calcium between blood and bone

What do Canaliculi do for Compact Bone?

Canals connecting the lacunae together and to the haversian canal which carries nutrients/wastes

Features of Spongy (Cancellous) Bone

Light, Spongy, No Haversian Systems, & Web-Like Arrangement

What sort of areas is Spongy (Cancellous) Bone found?

Low Stress Areas Where Weight of Bone Would Be a Problem

Where is Spongy (Cancellous) Bone found?

Found at Ends of Long Bones, Ribs, Sternum, Hips, Vertebrae, Cranium

How are bones classified?

By their shape

Featues of Long Bones

Extremities, Levers, Epiphysis (Spongey), & Diaphysis (Compact)

Which Bones are Long Bones?

Femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, ulna, radius, clavicle, metacarpals, metatarsals, phalanges

What is Epiphysis in Long Bones?

Ends covered in hyaline cartilage for articulating bones

What is Diaphysis in Long Bones?

Shaft, covered with periosteum for bone growth, repair, nutrition. Medullary canal with yellow and red marrow

Features of Short Bones

Cube-shaped, Allows flexible movement, & Cancellous bone covered by compact bone

Where are Short Bones found?

Carpals & tarsals

Features of Flat Bones

Flat Plates, Protect Vital Organs, & Provide Broad Surface Area for Attachment of Muscles

Where are Flat Bones found?

Cranial Bones, Facial Bones, Scapula, Sternum

Features of Irregular Bones

Peculiarly Shaped to Provide Support and Protection with Flexibility

Where are Irregular Bones found?

Vertebrae, Ribs, Ear, Hip, Hyoid

Features of Sesamoid Bones

Extra Bones Found in Certain Tendons

Where are Sesamoid Bones found?

Patella

What is the First purpose of Bone Markings?

Join one bone to another through ligaments

What is the Second purpose of Bone Markings?

Provide a surface for attachment of muscles through tendons

What is the Third purpose of Bone Markings?

Create an opening for passage of blood vessels and nerves

What is the Fourth purpose of Bone Markings?

Use as landmarks

In Bone Markings, what is a Process?

Bony prominence or projection

In Bone Markings, what is a Condyle?

A rounded knuckle-like prominence usually at a point of articulation

In Bone Markings, what is a Epicondyle?

Small projection

In Bone Markings, what is a Head?

Rounded articulating process at the end of a bone

In Bone Markings, what is a Spine?

A sharp, slender projection

In Bone Markings, what is a Tubercule?

A small rounded process

In Bone Markings, what is a Tuberosity?

A large rounded process

Function of Yellow Bone Marrow

Fat Storage

Where is Yellow Bone Marrow found?

Medullary Cavity of Long Bones

Functions of Red Bone Marrow

Hematopoietic Tissue. Forms RBCs, platelets, some WBCs and destroys old RBCs and some foreign materials

Where is Red Bone Marrow found in Children?

In cancellous bone

Where is Red Bone Marrow found in Adults?

Cancellous bone of vertebrae, hips, sternum, ribs, cranial bones, proximal ends of femur and humerus