AP BIO: 1.3 Intro to Biological Macromolecules

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26 Terms

1

Carbon Monoxide

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that consists of one carbon atom bonded to an oxygen atom. It's produced by the incomplete combustion of carbon-containing materials.

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2

Chemical Bonds

Chemical bonds are the attractive forces that hold atoms together in compounds. They involve the sharing or transfer of electrons to achieve stability.

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3

Cobalt

Cobalt is a chemical element with the symbol Co and atomic number 27. It's an essential trace mineral used by animals in making Vitamin B12, which is important for nerve function.

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4

Copper

Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu (from Latin

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5

Covalent

Covalent refers to a type of chemical bond where two atoms share pairs of electrons, resulting in a stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces.

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6

Dehydration Synthesis

Dehydration synthesis is a chemical reaction that involves the loss of a water molecule from the reacting molecules. It's often used to connect smaller molecules together into larger, more complex ones.

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7

Gold

Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au (from Latin

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8

Hydrogen bonding

Hydrogen bonding is a special type of intermolecular attraction between the hydrogen atom in a polar bond (particularly H-F, H-O, and H-N) and an electronegative atom nearby.

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9

Hydrolysis

Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction where water is used to break down the bonds of certain substances. In biology, it's often used to break down complex molecules into their simpler components.

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10

Intermolecular bonds

Intermolecular bonds are forces that exist between molecules. They include hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions, and London dispersion forces.

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11

Intramolecular bonds

Intramolecular bonds are the forces that hold atoms together within a molecule. They include covalent, ionic, and metallic bonds.

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12

Iodine Monobromide

Iodine monobromide is an interhalogen compound with the formula IBr. It's made up of iodine and bromine atoms.

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13

Ionic

Ionic refers to the type of bonding that involves a transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of ions with opposite charges that attract each other.

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14

Iron

Iron is a chemical element with the symbol Fe (from Latin

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15

Lithium Fluoride

Lithium fluoride is an ionic compound composed of lithium ions (Li+) and fluoride ions (F-). It has high melting point and low solubility in water.

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16

Metallic Bonds

Metallic bonds are the force of attraction between valence electrons and the metal ions. They are strong, allowing metals to conduct electricity and heat.

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17

Methane

Methane is a colorless, odorless gas consisting of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms (CH4). It is the simplest member of the hydrocarbon series and is a primary component of natural gas.

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18

Monomer

A monomer is a small molecule that can combine with others to form a polymer.

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19

Nonpolar Covalent Bond

A nonpolar covalent bond is a type of chemical bond where two atoms share a pair of electrons with each other equally.

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20

Platinum

Platinum is a chemical element with the symbol Pt and atomic number 78. In biology, platinum compounds are used as chemotherapy drugs to treat certain types of cancer.

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21

Polar Covalent Bond

A polar covalent bond is a type of chemical bond where a pair of electrons is unequally shared between two atoms due to differences in electronegativity.

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22

Polymer - Lipids

Lipids are organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids.

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23

Polymers and Monomers

Monomers are small molecules which may be joined together in a repeating fashion to create more complex molecules called polymers.

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24

Silver

Silver is a chemical element with symbol Ag (from Latin argentum) and atomic number 47. In biology, silver ions have strong antimicrobial effects against bacteria, viruses, algae, and fungi.

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25

Sodium Chloride

Sodium chloride, commonly known as table salt, is an ionic compound made up of sodium ions (Na+) and chloride ions (Cl-). It's a white crystalline solid at room temperature and dissolves readily in water.

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26

Zinc

Zinc is a trace element that is necessary for a healthy immune system. It plays a role in cell division, cell growth, wound healing, and the breakdown of carbohydrates.

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