AP BIO: 1.3 Intro to Biological Macromolecules

Carbon Monoxide

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that consists of one carbon atom bonded to an oxygen atom. It's produced by the incomplete combustion of carbon-containing materials.

Chemical Bonds

Chemical bonds are the attractive forces that hold atoms together in compounds. They involve the sharing or transfer of electrons to achieve stability.

Cobalt

Cobalt is a chemical element with the symbol Co and atomic number 27. It's an essential trace mineral used by animals in making Vitamin B12, which is important for nerve function.

Copper

Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu (from Latin

Covalent

Covalent refers to a type of chemical bond where two atoms share pairs of electrons, resulting in a stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces.

Dehydration Synthesis

Dehydration synthesis is a chemical reaction that involves the loss of a water molecule from the reacting molecules. It's often used to connect smaller molecules together into larger, more complex ones.

Gold

Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au (from Latin

Hydrogen bonding

Hydrogen bonding is a special type of intermolecular attraction between the hydrogen atom in a polar bond (particularly H-F, H-O, and H-N) and an electronegative atom nearby.

Hydrolysis

Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction where water is used to break down the bonds of certain substances. In biology, it's often used to break down complex molecules into their simpler components.

Intermolecular bonds

Intermolecular bonds are forces that exist between molecules. They include hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions, and London dispersion forces.

Intramolecular bonds

Intramolecular bonds are the forces that hold atoms together within a molecule. They include covalent, ionic, and metallic bonds.

Iodine Monobromide

Iodine monobromide is an interhalogen compound with the formula IBr. It's made up of iodine and bromine atoms.

Ionic

Ionic refers to the type of bonding that involves a transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of ions with opposite charges that attract each other.

Iron

Iron is a chemical element with the symbol Fe (from Latin

Lithium Fluoride

Lithium fluoride is an ionic compound composed of lithium ions (Li+) and fluoride ions (F-). It has high melting point and low solubility in water.

Metallic Bonds

Metallic bonds are the force of attraction between valence electrons and the metal ions. They are strong, allowing metals to conduct electricity and heat.

Methane

Methane is a colorless, odorless gas consisting of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms (CH4). It is the simplest member of the hydrocarbon series and is a primary component of natural gas.

Monomer

A monomer is a small molecule that can combine with others to form a polymer.

Nonpolar Covalent Bond

A nonpolar covalent bond is a type of chemical bond where two atoms share a pair of electrons with each other equally.

Platinum

Platinum is a chemical element with the symbol Pt and atomic number 78. In biology, platinum compounds are used as chemotherapy drugs to treat certain types of cancer.

Polar Covalent Bond

A polar covalent bond is a type of chemical bond where a pair of electrons is unequally shared between two atoms due to differences in electronegativity.

Polymer - Lipids

Lipids are organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids.

Polymers and Monomers

Monomers are small molecules which may be joined together in a repeating fashion to create more complex molecules called polymers.

Silver

Silver is a chemical element with symbol Ag (from Latin argentum) and atomic number 47. In biology, silver ions have strong antimicrobial effects against bacteria, viruses, algae, and fungi.

Sodium Chloride

Sodium chloride, commonly known as table salt, is an ionic compound made up of sodium ions (Na+) and chloride ions (Cl-). It's a white crystalline solid at room temperature and dissolves readily in water.

Zinc

Zinc is a trace element that is necessary for a healthy immune system. It plays a role in cell division, cell growth, wound healing, and the breakdown of carbohydrates.