psyc 1000 midterm

-group of nuclei in middle portion of brain

amyglada

-responsible for memory, emotional events, fear emotional stimuli and facial recognition

-portion of periphearal nervous system responsible for regulating organs and glands

autonomic nervous system

-group of 3 structures involved in planned movements, skill learning and integrating sensory and movement info w brains reward system

basal ganglia

-stem of brain

brainstem

• medulla and pons

-brain and spinal cord

CNS

-lobe at base of brain involved in monitoring movement, balance, attention and emotional responses

cerebellum

-convuluted wrinkly outer layer of brain

cerebral cortex

-thought, language and personality

• nearly symmetrical halves of brain that contain same structures

cerebral hemispheres

-collection of neural fibers connecting two cerebral hemispheres

corpus callosum

-issue w hearing even tho ears work

cortical deafness

-most obvious region all neural structures are located above midbrain, all folds and grooves on outer surface of brain

• emotion, memory, thinking and reasoning

forebrain

• 
  

-important in numerous higher cognitive functions

-impulses, planning, language production, voluntary movement

frontal lobes

• two sides of cortex preform diff stuff

hemispheric specialization

-learning and memory, new memories

hippocampus

-uncontrollable movements of head, face, body

Huntingtons disease

-integrated network of emotion and memory

limbic system

-just above hindbrain

-relay stations between sensory and motor areas

midbrain

-person does not attend to anything happening in left half of visual feild

neglect or visual neglect

-ability for brain to rewire itself based on individual experience

neuroplacisity

-rear of brain where visual info is processed

occipital lobes

-maintains homeostasis

-following sypathetic arousal works to return body to a baseline

parasympathetic NS

-touch/bodily awareness

parietal lobes

-transmits signals to brain and rest of body

• 2 components

• somatic(sensory recives input from body/movement skelatal)

• and autonomic(organs/glands)

Periperal nervous system

-voluntary movement restricted

Parkinsons

-extends from medulla to midbrain

-involved in attention and alertness

reticular formation

-fight/flight

-increases heart rate dialates pupils

sympathetic NS

-side of brain near ears

-hearing/language/higher aspects of vision facial recognition and object

temporal lobes

-set of nuclei involved in relaying sensory info to new parts of brian

thalamus

-repetative facial and muscle tics

Tourettes

-chemicals that stimulate growth of new dendrites and axons

trophic factors

-people with epilepsy that have had corpus callosum severed to treat sezuires

split brain patients

-sensations in body

somatosensory cortex

-genes/dna that relate to behaviour

behavioral genomics

-how genes/enviorment relate to behaviour

behavioral genetics

-change in gene expression as result of experience but do not alter gentic code

epigenetics

-allows genetic material to be modified

Crisper-cas9

-major cell type sends signals and messages throughout body

neurons

-most widespread

-junctions between nerve cells and skelatal muscles

-voluntary movement

acetylcholine

-wave of electrical activity that originates at the begining of axon near cell body and travels the length down

action potential

-pair of endocrine glands located near kidney

-stress hormones cortisol and epinepherine

adrenal glands

-drugs that mimic or enhance neurotransmitter

agonists

-nerve cells fire at same strength each time action potential occurs

all or none principal

-inhibit neurotransmitter activity by blocking receptors or preventing synthesis of a neurotransmitter

antagonists

-transports info in form of electrochemical reactions from cell body to end of neuron

axon

-bulb-like extensions filled with vesicles bags of molecules

axon terminals

• part of neuron that contains the neucleus that houses the cells gentic material

cell body

-small branches radiating from cell body that recieve messages from other cells and transmit the messages toward the rest of the cell

dendrites

-monoamine neurotransmitter

-happy mood, vol movemnet

dopamine

-made in pituitary gland and hypothalamus functions to reduce pain and inrease pleasure

endorphin

-hormone and neural transmitter made in adrenal glands by kidneys

epinepherine

-primary inhibitor of nervous system prevents neurons from generating action potentials

GABA

-mounting immune responses in brain

-removing waste and syncronizing activity of billions of neurons of the NS

glial cells

-most common excitatory neurotransmitter in brain of vertebrates

glutamate

-small pores on neurons cell membranes

ion channels

-chemicals secreted by the glands of the endocrine system

hormones

-brain structure that reguates biological needs and motivational systems

hypothalamus

-disease where immune system does not recognize myelin(fatty shealth that protects axons increases speed) and attacks it

multiple sclerosis

-formation of new neurons

neurogenisis

-chemicals that function as messengers allows neurons to communicate

Neurotransmitters

-monoamine synthesized from dopamine

-regulates stress responses

norepinepherine

-produces hormones and sends commands about hormone production

pituitary gland

-recives neurotransmitters from pre-synaptic cell

post-synaptic cell/neuron

-neuron that releases its neurotransmitters into the synapse

pre-synaptic cell

• breif period where neuron cannot fire

• -time during erection where u cant cum

refractory period

-stable state in which the cell is not transmitting messages

resting potential

-neurotransmiters that have been released into synapse are reabsorbed by axon terminals of presynaptic neuron

reuptake

-monoamine mood, sleep, aggression, appitite

seratonine

-no specific function

stem cells

-area consisting of neurons axon terminals and diff dendrites

synapse

-seperated into microscopic space into which neurotransmitters can be relased

-minute space between axon terminal and the dendrite

synaptic cleft

-pysical and sexual development

testosterone

-sex characteristics and motivation of sexual behavior

-structures in cellular nucleus lined w all the genes an individual inherits

chromosomes

-fraternal twins come from 2 seperate eggs/sperm share 50% dna

dizygotic twins

-between 0 and 1 represents deegree to which genetic diff among individuals contribute to individual diffs in a behaviour or trait found in a population

heritability

-closer to 1 means more likley

• info in genes is used to make proteins

gene expression

-presented as science but does not use scientific process not real

pseudoscience

• explanation of broad observations makes new hypothesises

theory

-way of explaining behvior using bio psyc and social aspects

biopsychosocial model

-curiosity and skeptisism

critical thinking

-specific enough to be proved wrong

falsefyable

-simpleist explantion prolly right

parsimony principal

-20th century

behaviorism

-observable behavior no mental bit or influences

-diagnosis and treatment of disorders

clinical psyc

-modern focuses on memory, thinking and language

cognitive psyc

-all events goverened by cause and effect

determinism

-properties of humans that are not material mind and soul

dualism

• philisophical

• -knowledge comes from experience

Empiricism

-study of purpous and function of behaviour and concious experience

functionalism

-psycologists should focus on the whole not parts

Gestalt psyc