AP World Unit 1.1-1.3 Study Guide

Song Dynasty in China was from which years

960 - 1279

What main religion greatly impacted Chinese society during the song Dynasty?

Buddhism

What is the civil service exam? what religion influenced these exams heavily?

It was a merit based system for selecting government officials. The Confucian influenced these exams.

How were women treated during the song dynasty. 3 things

women experienced subordination, legal disenfranchisement, and social restriction

By 1200, elites circle in China, a women with unbound feet was considered what?

they were considered unattractive and unfit for proper marriage

list 3 different emerging kingdoms who took influence from song china’s confusion view of the world during song dynasty

korea, Japan, vietnam

Like Korea and Japan, Vietnam shared the general confucian interest in hierarchy; however they differed on how they views women. How were these countries different in attitudes towards women than China?

in Vietnam, women retained far greater independence and legal rights compared to China or Korea. Korea restricted women’s rights to property or inheritance

what became the main religion in Korea, Japan, and Vietnam during this time period?

buddhism

compared to Korea and Vietnam, why did Japan retain greater political independence from china?

Japan had no land border with China and was seperated by water

in its original form, what did buddhism center on?

it centered on the individual

what is a stupa

a large earthern mound that symbolizes the universe

what did china, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam make advances in during the song Dynasty?

agricultural technology and productivity

what is champa rice? where did it originate from?

fast maturing rice that supported and boosted the growing Chinese population. originated in india

on top of creating a precise calender, song investors improved what this invention used for seafaring.

magnetic compass

what is one thing Chinese military engineers used iron to produce?

created armor for war

what did the song experiment with to counter cavalry assaults?

gunpowder

cities in China went through rapid urbanization and faced many issues. what did they do to fix these issues?

hangzhou engineers diverted nearby rivers to flow through the cities

the traditional social hierarchy common to the agricultural economy ______, while cities, commerce, comsumption, and the use of money and credit ________.

weakened, boomed.

what is the grand canal?

an artificial waterway that allows goods to be transported efficiently in the northern and southern parts of China

what is a junk ship?

china’s main ongoing ship that has features of stern rudders and battened sails to be more effective in travel

by ______, where 4 places had Islam spread in the world?

643. spread in modern day middle east. so most of Syria and palestine, Egypt, Persian empire

in ____, the ____ took control of the Islamic world from the new city of _____.

755, Abbasids, baghdad

what is dar al-islam?

means “The House of Islam” the regions where Islam is the dominant faith and Muslim law rules

in ____, what family established a Turkish Muslim state based on nomadic power?

1036, Seljuk family

what was the seljuk family doing when the first Christian crusaders reached the holy land and captured Jerusalem in 1099?

they were preoccupied with internecine feuding

were the crusaders able to have a lasting impact on the Islamic lands?

they had a little bit of lasting impacts

what did Saladin do in the mid 12th century?

saladin commanded the Muslims to face the european enemy

what did turkist mamluk (slave soldiers) do in 1250? who did they defeat in 1260?

they seized control of the government in Cairo. they defeated an army of mongols from central Asia in 1260.

when did the mamluks lose control of egypt and Syria?

1517

in ______, what happened that shocked the Muslim world?

1258. mongol invasions occurred, especially the destruction of the Abbasid caliphate in baghdad.

the empires of _____ in west africa and ____ in northern India formed the largest and richest tropical states during islam’s second period of expansion.

mali, delhi

______, an indigenous African dynasty, grew out of peaceful influence of Muslim merchants and scholars, while the ___ ___ was founded and ruled by invading the Turkish and afghan Muslims.

Mali, Delhi sultanate

in ____, what muslim group began to spread influence in Spain?

711, the moors

the first sub-saharan kingdom in African to conver to Islam was takrur. what African state emerged out of this kingdom?

Mali

What gave mali unprecedented prosperity?

control of gold and copper trade and contacts with north African Muslim traders

who was mansa musa?

a rule who had a wide reputation for wealth.

describe mansa musa’s pilgrimage to mecca from 1324-1325

he traveled with massive caravan, distributed large amounts of golds in Cairo so value of gold was depressed for years

what was important about the city of timbuktu?

it was a major terminus of a trans-saharan trade and a center of Islamic learning

when did the hausa city states officially adopt Islam?

shortly after 1450

how long did afghan and Turkic dynasties rule from the city of Delhi?

1206 to 1526

the delhi sultanate allowed for people in northern india to follow Hinduism as long as they paid a special tax called…

jizya

who was raziya?

Iltutmish’s beloved and talented daughter who become an heir

what was sufism?

mystical, spiritual, experience based version of Islam. focused on forming a personal and emotional relationship with allah

what is Urdu?

a Persian influenced form of the local hindustani tongue of northern india

who was Nasir al-din tusi?

a shi’ite scholar. his academy provided the model for the movement of planets to inspire the solar system

what was the Delhi sultanate?

centralized Indian empire of varying extent that was created by Muslim invaders

2 main religions in Delhi sultanate

islam, hinduism

Srivijaya Empire, two religions

became a vital center for trade and religious exchange, hinduism and buddhism

location of srivijaya empire

island of sumatra

bhakti movement

encouraged believers to worship one certain god. challenged caste distinctions.

vijayanagara empire location, 2 religions, more

southern india, islam and Hinduism, became a powerful rival to the Delhi sultanate

khmer empire location, 2 religions, more

southeast Asia, religions are hinduism and Buddhism, early khmer ruler constructed temples like angkor wat