Exam 1 Study Guide: General Chemistry Chapters E, 1, and 2.1-2.4

Vocabulary flashcards covering key SI prefixes, physical constants, mathematical conversion equations, and historical atomic experiments from Chapters E, 1, and 2.1-2.4.

SI Unit Prefixes Chart

A summary table displaying SI unit prefix symbols and their corresponding power of 10 multipliers.

Mega (M)

An SI prefix representing a power of 10 equal to $6$.

kilo (k)

An SI prefix representing a power of 10 equal to $3$.

milli (m)

An SI prefix representing a power of 10 equal to $-3$.

micro ($\mu$)

An SI prefix representing a power of 10 equal to $-6$.

nano (n)

An SI prefix representing a power of 10 equal to $-9$.

pico (p)

An SI prefix representing a power of 10 equal to $-12$.

Avogadro's Number ($N_A$)

A physical constant provided as $6.022 \times 10^{23}$.

Planck's Constant ($h$)

A fundamental physical constant given as $6.626 \times 10^{-34}\text{ J}\cdot\text{s}$.

Speed of Light ($c$)

The physical constant representing the speed of light, given as $3.000 \times 10^8\text{ m/s}$.

Density ($d$)

The measure of mass per unit volume, calculated using $d = \frac{m}{V}$.

de Broglie Wavelength

The wavelength equation for a particle, calculated as $\lambda = \frac{h}{mv}$.

Gold Foil Experiment

An experiment conducted by Rutherford that disproved the plum pudding model and led to the nuclear model of the atom.

Cathode Ray Tube Experiment

An experiment conducted by J. J. Thomson regarding atomic structure.

Oil Drop Experiment

An experiment conducted by Millikan to investigate atomic structure and charge.

Celsius to Fahrenheit Formula

The conversion formula defined as $\text{°F} = 1.8(\text{°C}) + 32$.

Celsius to Kelvin Formula

The temperature conversion formula defined as $\text{K} = \text{°C} + 273.15$.

Frequency and Wavelength Relation

The equation relating light frequency ($\nu$) and wavelength ($\lambda$), defined as $\nu = \frac{c}{\lambda}$.

Photon Energy (via Frequency)

The formula for photon energy ($E$) using frequency ($\nu$), expressed as $E = h\nu$.

Photon Energy (via Wavelength)

The formula for photon energy ($E$) using wavelength ($\lambda$), expressed as $E = \frac{hc}{\lambda}$.

Hertz (Hz)

A unit of frequency equivalent to $1/\text{s}$ or $1\text{ s}^{-1}$.

Calorie to Joule Equivalence

The unit conversion factor defined as $1\text{ cal} = 4.184\text{ J}$.