Ocular Drugs - 2

Ulceration

Corneal what leads to inflammation and degradation of the corneal stroma? They are generally treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, antifungals, atropine for pain, and antiproteinases.

Antiproteinase

What drugs include autologous serums like antitrypsin/macroglobulins, while others do chelation of MMP cofactors calcium and zinc, like tetracycylines, N-acetylcystein, Disodium EDTA, and systemic doxycycline with topical serum?

Timolol, Betaxolol

What two drugs are given to treat glaucoma, they are beta-adrenergic antagonists, are for maintenance therapy and are given every 12 hours topically? They are systemically absorbed, causing bradycardia and systemic hypotension, with exacerbation of asthma and compensated heart disease.

B1

To what beta receptor is betaxolol specific? Timolol is non-specific.

Dorzolamide, brinzolamide

Which two drugs are carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, are given for maintenance therapy topically every 8 hours or in emergencies every 15-30 minutes? They can both cause local ocular discomfort.

Carbonic anhydrase

Dorzolamide and brinzolamide are glaucoma drugs given to antagonize what enzyme?

Prostaglandin

Latanoprost, latanoprostene bunod, bimatoprost, and travoprost are glaucoma drugs which are analogues to what? They increase uveoscleral non-conventional outflow, and are prodrugs that are converted by ocular esterases to active compounds. They cause conjunctival hyperemia and marked myosis in dogs, and they are contraindicated in secondary glaucoma, anterior lens luxation, and uveitis.

latanoprostene bunod

Which prostagandin analogue for glaucoma causes uveoscleral and trabecular conventional outflow?

No

Is general glaucoma treatment with prostaglandin analogues effective in horses and cats?

Hyperemia

Conjunctival what condition as well as marked myosis occur when giving prostaglandin analogues to treat glaucoma?

Mannitol

What glaucoma drug is given IV, is a diuretic, and is given over 15-20 minutes for management of acute primary glaucoma only? It is not used in cases of anterior uveitis, cardiovascular or renal disease, and is often replaced by more effective topical medications.

Pilocarpine

Which glaucoma drug is a parasympathomimetic, is direct-acting, is given for maintenance therapy 6-8 hours topically, is effective in 30-40 percent of dogs, increases tear production to treat neurogenic keratoconjunctivitis sicca? Demecarium bromide is also given but works indirectly.

Yes

Does glaucoma usually require polypharmacy and lifelong treatment? Latanaprost, dorzolamide with timolol, and dorzolamide/timolol/latanoprost are commonly used.

Timolol

What drug is the most effective against glaucoma? Latanoprost is the least effective and dorzolamide is intermediate.

Glucocorticoids

What drugs are used for anti-inflammation but are not given on a damaged cornea? They can be combined with antibiotics, include hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, and prednisolone?

NSAIDS

What drugs can be used for anti-inflammation, are given topically or systemically, and include Diclofenac, Flurbiprofen, and Ketorolac?

Immunomodulators

What drugs include cyclosporin, tacrolimus and pimecrolimus and are used for anti-inflammation in equine recurrent uveitis and keratoconjunctivitis sicca?

Topical

Proparacaine and tetracaine are anesthetics given in what route?

Local

Lidocaine and bupivocaine are anesthetics given in what route?

Ocular lubricants

Artificial tears, vitamin A ointment, and viscotears are all what type of drugs?