Industrial Revolution Review

These flashcards cover key concepts, events, and innovations from the Industrial Revolution and the Agricultural Revolution.

What were the five key results of the 1st Industrial Revolution?

Urbanization, technological advancement, poor working and living conditions for workers.

What was the purpose of the Bessemer Process?

Mass producing steel.

What were some uses of steel as a result of the Industrial Revolution?

Used in tools, bridges, railroads.

What was significant about electricity during the Industrial Revolution?

It revolutionized power and industry.

What type of engine was primarily used for transportation during the Industrial Revolution?

Internal combustion engine.

What innovation did Henry Ford introduce to the automobile industry?

The assembly line.

Which two innovations helped to initially create long distance communication?

Telegraph and undersea cable.

Which innovation allowed for speaking and hearing over long distances?

The telephone.

What was the importance of oil during the Industrial Revolution?

Used for lighting and engines.

What key innovation did the Wright brothers develop?

The airplane.

What were the key reasons why the U.S. became an industrial power?

Tax breaks, grant of public lands to railroad companies, laws allowing formation of corporations.

Which entity facilitated business and industry development in the U.S.?

Government.

What were the five reasons for success in U.S. industrialization?

Absence of overt industry regulation.

Which country forced Japan to open its trade?

The United States.

What was the goal of the Meiji Restoration?

To modernize and transform the country.

Which industries were key during the Meiji Restoration?

Textiles and manufacturing.

Who were often exploited in textile industries?

Workers, often including women and children.

What industry dominated Russian industrialization?

Textile industry.

What were three causes of the Industrial Revolution?

Agricultural advancements, technological innovations, and availability of resources.

What were six effects of the Industrial Revolution?

Urbanization, changes in labor, environmental impact, rise of factories, social changes, and economic growth.

What paved the way for new inventions and innovations?

The Scientific Revolution.

What reason for industrialization in England was centered on materials and workforce?

Natural resources.

What reason focused on innovations and inventions for industrialization in England?

Technological advances.

What must come first before a nation can industrialize?

An adequate food supply.

What was significant about Jethro Tull's invention?

The seed drill deposited seeds in rows.

What consolidated land in England?

Enclosures.

What was a significant result of the Agricultural Revolution?

Increased food production and population.

Why was crop rotation significant?

It increased soil nutrients and food production.

What was significant about the steel plow?

It allowed for breaking up tough soil.

What was significant about the mechanical reaper?

It sped up the harvesting of crops.

What strong material was first used to build structures during the 1st Industrial Revolution?

Iron.

What became the key power source of the 1st Industrial Revolution?

The steam engine.

What were the effects of the steamship and steam locomotive?

They provided faster and cheaper transportation.

What did the first factories manufacture?

Textiles.

What was significant about the flying shuttle?

It helped weavers work faster.

What was significant about the spinning jenny?

It allowed for spinning multiple threads at once.

What was significant about the power loom?

It was powered by water.

What effect did interchangeable parts have in the Industrial Revolution?

They simplified assembly and repair of products.

Which economic class grew substantially during the Industrial Revolution?

The middle class.

Where did the working class typically live in the cities?

In slums.

What channeled English workers away from violence and towards reforms?

The Methodist movement.