Airframe

Three forms of fuselage structure

Truss (framework)

Monocoque: "Single-shell"

Semi-monocoque: Stressed Skin + Framework

what does semi-monocoque use

Stressed Skin

Stringers (and/or longerons)

Frames / Formers

Bulkheads

Three main categories of wing structures

Biplane (drag)

Braced Monoplane (support bending)

Unbraced Monoplane (cantilever)

Monoplane - Mainplanes

- Wing/Fuselage Junction

- Centre section Torsion Box

- Low-wing loading

- High-wing loading

- Wing to Fuselage Fairings

Wings - Centre Section

Torsion Box

Provides a rigid box like structure to mount the wings and fuselage to. Can be used as a dry bay or be filled with fuel.

Wings - Main Planes -

Low Wing Loading - Large wing span and high aspect ratio are more efficient for slow moving, lightly loaded aircraft

Multiple load carrying members, wet wing full of fuel, fuel system components, hydraulics and electrics, trailing edge and leading flaps, ailerons, hard points for weapons.

Wings - Mainplanes Recap

Components of wings:

Spars

Spar Caps and Webs

Spar Box - Torsion Box

- Ribs

- Stringers

- Skin: stressed skin

- Lightening holes

Empennage

Tailplane and Fin

Similar to mainplane