Rel. u1 Islam

Islam means

“peace” or “submission/surrender to God”

The holy book of Islam is

The Qur’an

The Qur’an

-believed to be the word of God as revealed to the Prophet Muhammad

-written in Arabic and divided into chapters called surahs

Islam’s key figures

-is an Abrahamic religion (all recognize Abraham as their first prophet)

-Muhammad is the main prophet

Five pillars of Islam

Shahada - Declaration of faith, professing the oneness of God and Muhammad as His messenger. (first) “Allah is the only God and Muhammad is His prophet”

Salah - Ritual prayer performed five times daily facing Mecca.

Zakat - Almsgiving or charitable donation, typically 2.5% of savings to support the needy.

Sawm - Fasting during the month of Ramadan, abstaining from food and drink from dawn to sunset.

Hajj - Pilgrimage to Mecca, required at least once in a lifetime for those who are able. (last)

Shahada (first pillar)

This declaration is a fundamental statement of belief, signifying that there is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is His messenger. It is the first pillar of Islam and essential for a Muslim's faith.

Salah (second pillar)

Prayer 5 times a day following ritual cleaning of themselves and their environment (on Fridays, prayer is in a Mosque)

Zakat (third pillar)

Almsgiving/ donation of 2.5% to the community or struggling family members

Sawm (fourth pillar)

Fasting during the month of Ramadan and not eating/drinking from dawn to sunset

Hajj (fifth/last pillar)

a mandatory pilgrimage to Mecca for all who are able

Mosque

The formal place of prayer in Islam, usually has separate places for men and women.

*may include a mihrab, which indicates the direction of prayer.

Imam

- responsible for leading prayers and providing guidance to the community

-interprets religious texts and teachings

Mecca

-birthplace of Muhammad

-place of pilgrimage and has the Kaaba

-prayer in direction of the Mecca (before the Mecca, Jerusalem)

-is in Saudi Arabia

Kaaba

single most important site in Islam and symbol of God on earth

-has nothing inside

-construction ordered by Abraham

-is circled by the people in Mecca praying (they resemble a river)

Muezzin

-calls the faithful to prayer, typically five times a day (known as an adhan)

-happens from a minaret or mosque

Jerusalem

the holiest city in Islam

Gold Dome of the rock

is believed to hold a rock at the site Muhammad started his journey to heaven

hold three Holy Places (a temple for Judaism, a church for Christianity, and a Mosque for Islam)

Prayer of Faja

→ Start your day with prayer

Heaven is symbolized by…

Oasis

Djenné Mosque

-build of mud for simplicity, abundance, and cheapness

-creates an atmosphere of simplicity and darkness

Fridays!

1. the day Adam and Eve were born

2. God stopped creating the world on a Friday

3. the holy day of prayer in Islam

4. a day spent with community and family

how much of the world currenlty practices islam

23% of the world’s population currently practices Islam

The Prophet Muhammad

is known as the last prophet

born in Mecca in 570, He was a descendent of Ishmael, the son of Abraham and Hagar,

he married Khadija, a 40-year-old woman who later became the first Muslim

received the first revelation from the angel Gabriel in Mount Hira in 610 CE

was an army leader

Hijra (622 CE)

• After being warned of an assassination plot, the Prophet and his followers traveled from Mecca to Medina, about 200 miles.

• He became the peacemaker between the Jewish and Arab tribes.

• This marks the first day of the Islamic year.

The Hadith

It serves as a more concrete source for religious laws

• It fills in certain gaps within the Qur’an regarding Muslim conduct and behavior

• It’s seen as a reliable way to learn from the Prophet and His exemplary life

• There are still debates today between scholars regarding its authenticity

Categories within the Hadith

• Fardh/Wajib: Obligatory duties which, if not done, are punishable

• Mustahab: Rewarding, but not obligatory, behavior

• Mubaah: Permitted behavior

• Makrooh: Disapproved, but not punishable, actions

• Haram: Forbidden and punishable actions

Dress/clothing in Islam

modestly opposite sex who are not immediate family members.

• Such dress aims to prevent gaze and indecent behavior. For women, especially, it also serves as protection from objectification and maintains purity.

clothing options in Islam

Women have the choice of wearing hijab

• Scarf covering the hair and neck

• Niqab: cloth that covers the entire face and neck, except the eyes

• Burqa: covers the entire face and neck, with mesh in front of the eyes

Diet/not allowed foods

• Alcohol

• Animals killed by other animals

• Meat from a swine

Animals killed in non-Halal ways

Red meat (blood)

Drugs (non-medical)

(ALL NOT ALLOWED, IN ADDITION GAMBLING, LYING, AND BELIEVING ASTROLOGICAL READING)

Jesus is mentioned ____ time in the Qur’an

93

Muslims believe in all the prophets and see the Qur’an as a _____ of the Old and New Testaments.

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