Biology exam revision part 1

Flashcards about Homeostasis and Regulation, covering endocrine system pathways, hormones, glands, pituitary gland, hypothalamus, homeostasis definition, feedback loops, stimulus-response model, thermoregulation, and osmoregulation.

What is the primary function of the endocrine system?

The production of hormones to help maintain homeostasis.

What are antagonistic hormones?

A pair of hormones that have opposing effects on one another, such as insulin and glucagon.

Name two hormones produced by the Pituitary gland

FSH/LH and ADH

What is the role of the hypothalamus in homeostasis?

Links the nervous and endocrine systems, receives information from the body, and initiates endocrine responses.

What is the definition of homeostasis?

The tendency for an organism or cell to maintain a constant internal environment within tolerance limits, despite changes to the external environment.

What are the three functional components of homeostatic control systems?

Receptor, Control Center, and Effector.

What is the difference between negative and positive feedback loops in homeostasis?

Negative feedback reverses the change detected, while positive feedback reinforces the change.

What is the role of a receptor cells during nervous system pathways?

Monitor internal conditions and send signals to the brain

What is the role of the sensory neurons in a nervous system pathways?

Communicate info from tissues and organs to CNS

What are the key steps of the stimulus-response model?

Stimulus, Receptor/Sensor, Input to Control, Then Effect, Response.

What is thermoregulation?

The process that allows your body to maintain its core internal temperature.

How does vasoconstriction help the body warm up?

Blood vessels under the skin become narrower, decreasing blood flow to the skin and retaining heat near the warm inner body.

How does vasodilation help the body cool down?

Blood vessels under the skin get wider, increasing blood flow to the skin where it is cooler.

What is osmoregulation?

The process of maintaining an internal balance of salt and water.

What hormone is responsible for osmoregulation?

Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)

What happens in the body when ADH is released?

Release of ADH helps to hold onto water and decreases urine production

What is the response of the body when blood glucose levels rise?

The pancreas releases insulin, which causes cells to take up glucose and the liver to store glucose as glycogen, lowering blood glucose levels.