Skull (cranium only) end of chapter questions

which cranial bone possesses the zygomatic process

temporal

what is the difference, in degrees, between the IOML and OML

7-8 degrees

A radiograph of a posteroanterior (PA) axial projection (Caldwell method) of the cranium reveals that the petrous ridges are located at the level of the lower one-third of the orbits. The technologist performed this projection with the CR angled 15° caudad to the orbitomeatal line (OML). How must positioning be altered if a repeat exposure is performed

none of the above; positioning was correct

A radiograph of an anteroposterior (AP) axial projection of the cranium reveals that the dorsum sellae is projected below the foramen magnum, but the posterior arch of C1 is visible within the foramen. Which of the following positioning errors led to this radiographic outcome

excessive central ray (CR) angulation

a radiograph of a lateral projection of the cranium reveals that the orbital roofs (plates) are not superimposed; one is slightly superior to the other. which of the following positioning errors led to this radiographic outcome

tilt

the sutural point or area labeled d is the: (anatomic structures are labeled i through vi and sutures a through h)

bregma

which bony structure is labeled v

mastoid process

which one of the cranial projections will best demonstrate a possible basilar fracture

horizontal beam lateral

which of the following cranial bones does not articulate with the parietal bone

all of the above articulate with the parietal bone

• occipital

• sphenoid

  • frontal

which one of the following technical consideration is most critical for demonstrating air and/or fluid levels within the cranium

erect or horizontal x-ray beam positioning

a radiograph of a submentovertical projection reveals that the mandible is superimposed over the ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses. which of the following modifications will eliminate this problem

increase the extension of the head and neck

the proper name for the parieto-orbital oblique projection is the schuller method

false

the pa axial projection (haas method) for the cranium requires a cr angle of 25 degrees caudad

false

which of the following landmarks corresponds with the level of the petrous ridge

top of ear attachment (TEA)

the cranial bone labeled i is the

ethmoid

which cranial suture is labeled g

lambdoidal

which of the following sutures separates the parietal from the occipital bone

lambdoidal

where is the cr centered for a lateral projections of the cranium

two inches (5 cm) superior to EAM

both CT and MRI can provide reconstructed images in three planes: axial, sagittal, and coronal

true

the slight depression above each eyebrow is termed the

supraorbital groove

which of the following terms describes the junction of the two nasal bones

nasion

where is the CR centered for a lateral projection of the cranium

two inches superior to EAM

A patient comes in with a clinical history of a possible pituitary adenoma. Because this is a rural hospital, CT and MRI are not available. Which radiographic projection or position would best demonstrate signs of bony erosion of the sella turcica because of the tumor

lateral position

which on of the following cranial projections will best demonstrate a possible basilar fracture

horizontal beam lateral

A patient enters the emergency department (ED) with a possible basilar skull fracture. Which of the following skull projections would best demonstrate any blood present in the sphenoid sinus

horizontal beam lateral

which cranial bone is labeled vi in this figure

greater wing of sphenoid

which cranial bone articulates with the other seven cranial bones

sphenoid

along with the use of erect positions, what other technical factor is important to demonstrate air/fluid levels in paranasal sinuses

horizontal x-ray beam

the cranial bone labeled i is the

ethmoid

which of the following sutures separates the parietal from the occipital bone

lambdoidal

the submentovertical projection requires that the IOML is placed parallel to the image receptor

true

A radiograph of a PA Caldwell (15° caudad) projection for cranium reveals that the petrous ridges are projected into the lower one-third of the orbits. Which of the following modifications should be made during the repeat exposure to produce a more diagnostic image

nothing; accept the initial radiograph

part 7 is part of which bone

sphenoid

the frontal bone articulates with ____ cranial bones

4

which cranial bone contains the cubiform plate

ethmoid

A patient comes to radiology with a possible bone cyst within the squamous portion of the frontal bone. Which of the following projections would best demonstrate this region with a minimal amount of distortion of the frontal bone

PA with no CR angulation to OML

an average-shaped skull with a 47 degree angle between the petrous pyramids and the midsagittal plane is classified as

mesocephalic

A radiograph of an anteroposterior (AP) axial projection of the cranium reveals that the dorsum sellae is projected below the foramen magnum, but the posterior arch of C1 is visible within the foramen. Which of the following positioning errors led to this radiographic outcome

excessive CR angulation

which three cranial bones articulate directly with the zygomatic bone

frontal, sphenoid, temporal

the ethmoid notch is part of which cranial bone

frontal

which positioning line should be perpendicular to the plane of the IR for the AP axial (towne) projection with a 37 degree caudad CR angle

IOML

the slight depression above each eyebrow is termed the

supraorbital groove

A radiograph of a parietoacanthial (Waters method) projection reveals that the petrous ridges are superimposed over the lower 30% of the maxillary sinuses. What specific positioning error (if any) led to this radiographic finding

insufficient extension of skull and neck

A patient comes to radiology with a possible bone cyst within the squamous portion of the frontal bone. Which of the following projections would best demonstrate this region with a minimal amount of distortion of the frontal bone

PA with no CR angulation to OML

the PA axial projection (haas method) for the cranium requires a CR angle of 25 degrees caudad

false

A patient enters the ED with a possible nasal bone fracture. The physician is concerned about a possible bony nasal septum deviation and fractured nasal bones. Which of the following routines would best diagnose these injuries

modified parietoacanthial and lateral nasal bone projections

A radiograph of a submentovertical projection reveals that the mandible is superimposed over the ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses. Which of the following modifications will eliminate this problem

increase the extension of the head and neck

part 3 is part of which bone

ethmoid

which of the fontanels is the last to close at about 18 months of age

anterior

which cranial bone possesses the sella turcica

sphenoid

the sutural point or area labeled d is the

bregma

the part labeled 8 is part of which bone

palatine

part 6 is which of the following

superior orbital fissure

there are a total of ____ fontanels in an infant

six

the bone labeled 2 is the

lacrimal

A patient comes to radiology for a routine study of the cranium. He is unable to flex his head and neck sufficiently to place the OML perpendicular to the IR for the AP axial projection. What should the technologist do to compensate for this problem without creating excessive magnification of the occipital bone

use the IOML and increase the CR angulation by 7 degrees

A radiograph of a posteroanterior (PA) axial projection (Caldwell method) of the cranium reveals that the petrous ridges are located at the level of the lower one-third of the orbits. The technologist performed this projection with the CR angled 15° caudad to the orbitomeatal line (OML). How must positioning be altered if a repeat exposure is performed

none of the above; positioning was correct

which cranial bone possesses the zygomatic process

temporal

the modified parietoacanthial (modified waters) projection requires more extension of the head and neck as compared with the parietoacanthial (waters) projection

false a

A pediatric patient enters radiology for a paranasal sinus series. Because of her age, the child is unable to hold still for the projections even with the use of immobilization devices. The decision is to hold the child during each exposure. Which of the following individuals should be asked to hold the child

guardian

the pituitary gland (hypophysis cerebri) is associated with and protected by the ____ bone

sphenoid

A radiograph of a lateral cranium reveals that the mentum of the mandible was cut off from the bottom of the radiograph. A 24 × 30-cm (10 × 12-inch) IR was used, and it was placed landscape. What must be altered if a repeat exposure is performed

none of the above; all of the critical structures were demonstrated

A radiograph of a lateral cranium reveals that the mentum of the mandible was cut off from the bottom of the radiograph. A 24 × 30-cm (10 × 12-inch) IR was used, and it was placed landscape. What must be altered if a repeat exposure is performed

increase the extension of the skull

the sensory apparatus of both equilibrium and hearing are contained in the internal ear

true

which one of the following positioning errors most often results in repeat exposure of a cranial position

incorrect rotation and tilt

 A PA axial projection with a 25 degree caudad angle of the cranium reveals that the petrous ridges are at the level of the superior orbital margins. Which of the following modifications are required to correct this error

increase extension of cranium

which division of the temporal bone contains the organs of hearing and equilibrium

petrous

which of the following landmarks corresponds with the level of the petrous ridge

Top of ear attachment (TEA)

which of the following bones is part of the floor of the cranium

temporal

which bony structure is labeled v

mastoid process

which cranial bone contains the foramen ovale

sphenoid