Ancient Israel Vocabulary

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Vocabulary flashcards for Ancient Israel review.

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69 Terms

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The Levant

Area encompassing present-day Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, and parts of Syria and Jordan, situated on the eastern Mediterranean coast.

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Highlands

The elevated regions in Israel, characterized by hills and mountains.

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Lowlands

The lower-lying areas of Israel, often near the coast or in valleys.

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Jezreel Valley

A fertile valley in northern Israel, historically significant for agriculture and strategic importance.

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Galilee

A region in northern Israel, known for its hills, agriculture, and the Sea of Galilee.

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Hula Valley

A valley in northern Israel, known for its fertile land and water resources.

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Coastal Plain

The flat area along the Mediterranean coast of Israel, used for agriculture and trade.

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Central Hill Country

The mountainous region running north to south through central Israel.

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Sinai Peninsula

A peninsula in Egypt, bordering Israel, historically important as a land bridge.

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Transjordan

The region east of the Jordan River.

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Cisjordan

The region west of the Jordan River.

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Sea of Galilee

A freshwater lake in northern Israel, important for fishing and agriculture.

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Jordan River

A river flowing from the Sea of Galilee to the Dead Sea, a significant water source.

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Dead Sea

A salt lake bordering Israel and Jordan, known for its high salinity.

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Jerusalem

A city in the central highlands, a major religious and political center.

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Samaria

A region in northern Israel, historically the capital of the Northern Kingdom.

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Egypt

A country bordering Israel, historically significant in the region.

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Mesopotamia

A historical region including modern Iraq, parts of Syria, and Turkey, known as the cradle of civilization.

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Northern Levant

The northern part of the Levant.

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Tanakh

The Jewish scriptures consisting of the Torah, Nevi'im, and Ketuvim.

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Codex Leningrad/Masoretic Text

The oldest complete copy of the Hebrew Bible.

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Septuagint

A Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible.

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Dead Sea Scrolls

Ancient Jewish religious texts found in caves near the Dead Sea.

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Tell/Tel

An artificial mound formed from accumulated remains of settlements.

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Relative Chronology

Dating system based on the sequence of events without specific dates.

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Absolute Chronology

Dating system using fixed points to determine specific dates.

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Amarna Letters

A collection of clay tablets with diplomatic correspondence during the reign of Akhenaten.

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ʿapiru

A social class or group of people during the Bronze Age.

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Ugarit

An ancient city-state in northern Syria, significant for its language and religious texts.

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Shasu Yhwꜣ

A group of semi-nomadic people mentioned in ancient Egyptian texts.

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Merenptah Inscription

An ancient Egyptian inscription mentioning Israel.

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Iron I Hill-Country Settlements

Settlements in the highlands during the Iron Age.

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Archaic Biblical Poetry

Poetry from the early periods of the Bible.

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Tel Dan Inscription

An inscription that provides historical information about the kings of Israel and Judah.

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Stepped stone structure

A stepped structure made of stone in Jerusalem.

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Large stone structure

A large structure made of stone in Jerusalem.

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Yadin’s hypothesis

A hypothesis relating to the Solomonic building projects.

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Shoshenq I’s campaign

A military campaign led by Shoshenq I that provides information about the region.

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Samaria

The capital of the Northern Kingdom of Israel.

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Kurkh Monolith

A stone inscription that provides information about the battles of the Assyrian king Shalmaneser III.

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The Mesha Inscription

A stone slab with an inscription written by King Mesha of Moab.

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Tel Rehov

An archaeological site in Israel with an inscription mentioning the name Nimshi.

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Black Obelisk

A basalt relief depicting King Jehu of Israel bowing before Shalmaneser III.

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Kuntillet ˁAjrud

An archaeological site in the Sinai Peninsula with religious inscriptions and drawings.

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Tell Deir ˁAlla inscription

An inscription found at Tell Deir ʿAlla with prophetic visions.

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lmlk-stamped storage jars

A system of stone bullae or seals, stamped on storage jars.

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Bullae

Clay document sealing with impressions.

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Chicago or Taylor Prisms

Used to provide historical information about Sennacherib's campaign against Judah.

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Postcolonial theory

Analysis of the effects of colonialism on formerly colonized states.

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Esarhaddon’s Succession Treaty

Oath of loyalty to the Assyrian king.

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Monolatry

Worship of one god without denying the existence of other gods.

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Deuteronomism

A biblical movement associated with the Book of Deuteronomy.

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Ketef Hinnom Scrolls

Silver scrolls discovered in Jerusalem containing biblical verses.

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Lachish Letters

A collection of letters written during the siege of Lachish.

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Al-Yaḫudu Tablets

Clay tablets from the Persian period with legal and administrative texts.

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Elephantine

An island in Egypt with a Jewish community during the Persian period.

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Papyrus Amherst 63

An ancient papyrus with religious and literary texts.

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Samaritans

A religious and ethnic group in Samaria.

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Mt. Gerizim

The holy mountain of the Samaritans.

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Samaritan Pentateuch

The Samaritan version of the Pentateuch.

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Hellenism

The spread of ancient Greek culture and language.

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Letter of Aristeas

A legendary letter about the origin of the Septuagint.

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Jubilees

Jewish texts not included in the Hebrew Bible.

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Josephus

A Jewish historian from the first century CE.

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Temple

A sacred building dedicated to God.

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Julius Wellhausen

German biblical scholar who developed the documentary hypothesis.

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Priestly Source

One of the proposed original sources that comprise the Pentateuch.

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The Deuteronomistic History

Framework that sees Israel's history as written/edited from the perspective of the book of Deuteronomy

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Documentary Hypothesis

Hypothesis that the Pentateuch comes from 4 independent sources.