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Vocabulary flashcards for Ancient Israel review.
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The Levant
Area encompassing present-day Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, and parts of Syria and Jordan, situated on the eastern Mediterranean coast.
Highlands
The elevated regions in Israel, characterized by hills and mountains.
Lowlands
The lower-lying areas of Israel, often near the coast or in valleys.
Jezreel Valley
A fertile valley in northern Israel, historically significant for agriculture and strategic importance.
Galilee
A region in northern Israel, known for its hills, agriculture, and the Sea of Galilee.
Hula Valley
A valley in northern Israel, known for its fertile land and water resources.
Coastal Plain
The flat area along the Mediterranean coast of Israel, used for agriculture and trade.
Central Hill Country
The mountainous region running north to south through central Israel.
Sinai Peninsula
A peninsula in Egypt, bordering Israel, historically important as a land bridge.
Transjordan
The region east of the Jordan River.
Cisjordan
The region west of the Jordan River.
Sea of Galilee
A freshwater lake in northern Israel, important for fishing and agriculture.
Jordan River
A river flowing from the Sea of Galilee to the Dead Sea, a significant water source.
Dead Sea
A salt lake bordering Israel and Jordan, known for its high salinity.
Jerusalem
A city in the central highlands, a major religious and political center.
Samaria
A region in northern Israel, historically the capital of the Northern Kingdom.
Egypt
A country bordering Israel, historically significant in the region.
Mesopotamia
A historical region including modern Iraq, parts of Syria, and Turkey, known as the cradle of civilization.
Northern Levant
The northern part of the Levant.
Tanakh
The Jewish scriptures consisting of the Torah, Nevi'im, and Ketuvim.
Codex Leningrad/Masoretic Text
The oldest complete copy of the Hebrew Bible.
Septuagint
A Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible.
Dead Sea Scrolls
Ancient Jewish religious texts found in caves near the Dead Sea.
Tell/Tel
An artificial mound formed from accumulated remains of settlements.
Relative Chronology
Dating system based on the sequence of events without specific dates.
Absolute Chronology
Dating system using fixed points to determine specific dates.
Amarna Letters
A collection of clay tablets with diplomatic correspondence during the reign of Akhenaten.
ʿapiru
A social class or group of people during the Bronze Age.
Ugarit
An ancient city-state in northern Syria, significant for its language and religious texts.
Shasu Yhwꜣ
A group of semi-nomadic people mentioned in ancient Egyptian texts.
Merenptah Inscription
An ancient Egyptian inscription mentioning Israel.
Iron I Hill-Country Settlements
Settlements in the highlands during the Iron Age.
Archaic Biblical Poetry
Poetry from the early periods of the Bible.
Tel Dan Inscription
An inscription that provides historical information about the kings of Israel and Judah.
Stepped stone structure
A stepped structure made of stone in Jerusalem.
Large stone structure
A large structure made of stone in Jerusalem.
Yadin’s hypothesis
A hypothesis relating to the Solomonic building projects.
Shoshenq I’s campaign
A military campaign led by Shoshenq I that provides information about the region.
Samaria
The capital of the Northern Kingdom of Israel.
Kurkh Monolith
A stone inscription that provides information about the battles of the Assyrian king Shalmaneser III.
The Mesha Inscription
A stone slab with an inscription written by King Mesha of Moab.
Tel Rehov
An archaeological site in Israel with an inscription mentioning the name Nimshi.
Black Obelisk
A basalt relief depicting King Jehu of Israel bowing before Shalmaneser III.
Kuntillet ˁAjrud
An archaeological site in the Sinai Peninsula with religious inscriptions and drawings.
Tell Deir ˁAlla inscription
An inscription found at Tell Deir ʿAlla with prophetic visions.
lmlk-stamped storage jars
A system of stone bullae or seals, stamped on storage jars.
Bullae
Clay document sealing with impressions.
Chicago or Taylor Prisms
Used to provide historical information about Sennacherib's campaign against Judah.
Postcolonial theory
Analysis of the effects of colonialism on formerly colonized states.
Esarhaddon’s Succession Treaty
Oath of loyalty to the Assyrian king.
Monolatry
Worship of one god without denying the existence of other gods.
Deuteronomism
A biblical movement associated with the Book of Deuteronomy.
Ketef Hinnom Scrolls
Silver scrolls discovered in Jerusalem containing biblical verses.
Lachish Letters
A collection of letters written during the siege of Lachish.
Al-Yaḫudu Tablets
Clay tablets from the Persian period with legal and administrative texts.
Elephantine
An island in Egypt with a Jewish community during the Persian period.
Papyrus Amherst 63
An ancient papyrus with religious and literary texts.
Samaritans
A religious and ethnic group in Samaria.
Mt. Gerizim
The holy mountain of the Samaritans.
Samaritan Pentateuch
The Samaritan version of the Pentateuch.
Hellenism
The spread of ancient Greek culture and language.
Letter of Aristeas
A legendary letter about the origin of the Septuagint.
Jubilees
Jewish texts not included in the Hebrew Bible.
Josephus
A Jewish historian from the first century CE.
Temple
A sacred building dedicated to God.
Julius Wellhausen
German biblical scholar who developed the documentary hypothesis.
Priestly Source
One of the proposed original sources that comprise the Pentateuch.
The Deuteronomistic History
Framework that sees Israel's history as written/edited from the perspective of the book of Deuteronomy
Documentary Hypothesis
Hypothesis that the Pentateuch comes from 4 independent sources.