Introduction to Psychopathology

These flashcards cover essential concepts and definitions from the lecture on psychopathology, aimed at assisting in exam preparation.

What is Psychopathology?

The scientific study of psychological disorders.

Define Psychological Disorder.

A psychological dysfunction within an individual associated with distress or impairment in functioning.

What do the 5 D's represent in identifying abnormalities?

Dysfunctional, Distress, Deviance, Duration, and Danger.

What is the DSM-5?

The diagnostic manual used to classify psychological disorders.

What are the types of courses a disorder can have?

Chronic, Episodic, and Time-limited.

What is acute onset of a disorder?

A sudden beginning of symptoms.

What does the diathesis-stress model suggest?

Individuals inherit tendencies to express certain traits or behaviors, which may then be activated under conditions of stress.

What is the role of neurotransmitters in psychopathology?

Biochemicals that transmit impulses between neurons and can affect mood and behavior.

What is reliability in clinical assessment?

The degree to which a measurement is consistent across different instances.

What are the three dimensions of the integrative approach to psychopathology?

Biological, psychological, and social influences.

What does the term 'Ego Syntonic' refer to?

When actions or behaviors resonate with one's values.

Define Delusion of Grandeur.

The belief that one is God or has extraordinary power.

What is the historical significance of Hippocrates in psychology?

He argued that psychological disorders could be treated like any physical disease.

Describe Moral Therapy.

An early psychological treatment that encouraged normal social interaction and provided humane care.

What is the significance of the DSM in psychological diagnosis?

It provides standardized criteria for diagnosing psychological disorders.

What does the term 'Prognosis' refer to in the context of a disorder?

The expected outcome or likelihood of recovery from a disorder.

What does psychological assessment typically include?

Evaluating psychological, biological, and social factors related to a disorder.

What is the importance of 'Validity' in assessment?

It measures whether the assessment accurately reflects what it is intended to measure.

What are projective tests?

Assessment tools where individuals respond to ambiguous stimuli, revealing their unconscious thoughts.

What do polygenic vulnerabilities refer to?

Genetic predispositions that increase the likelihood of developing certain disorders.