organelles case studies

cytoskeleton

hemolytic anemia —> # red blood cells drop, rupturing of cells + unable to replace them

red blood cells elliptical shape —> hereditary elliptocytosis (causing damage and rupture to cells)

mitochondria

• muscle weakness, loss of muscle coordination

• little energy

• glucose levels high (cannot break down through cellular respiration)

• muscle fibers ragged red

plasma membrane

• muscular w/o working out

• hypertrophy (enlargement of muscles) (can’t regulate what comes into cell so cells grow)

• muscle stiffness

• myotonia congenita (malfunction of chloride channels

flagella

• structural defect in sperm cells for cell

• movement

• cannot get pregnant (infertility)

golgi apparatus

• achondrogenesis la affects ability of proteins for bone and cartilage development to be modified and packaged

• can die after birth frm respiratory failure

ribosomes

• treacher collin’s syndrome (mutation in DNA codes for making proteins undergo apoptosis)

• in only facial bones and tissues

nuclear envelope

• gained weight

• head large, hair loss, skin thin and wrinkled

• progeria —> when genetic material doesn’t have protection

• causes premature aging, die frm heart disease

lysosomes

• Tay-Sachs disease

• eye cherry red spot —> buildup fatty on nerve cells, cells couldn’t break down

• nervous system fail (cant kill pathogens) unable to see and hear, die

Cilia

• cough that worsened

• difficulty breathing

• smoked cigarettes —> damaged organelles responsible for mucous and dirt moving out respiratory system —> bronchial cells (passage to lungs)