PTRS 710: Advanced Anatomy Exam 4

Which form the boundaries of the vestibule of the larynx?

Laryngeal inlet and vestibular folds

Vestibular folds and vocal folds

Vocal folds and inferior margin of cricoid cartilage

Laryngeal inlet and vestibular folds

Which structures pass through the carotid sheaths with the common and internal carotid arteries?

Phrenic nerves and external jugular veins

Phrenic nerves and internal jugular veins

Vagus nerves and external jugular veins

Vagus nerves and internal jugular veins

Vagus nerves and internal jugular veins

A patient has a disorder affecting the structures passing between the anterior and middle scalene on the left. Which are affected?

Brachial plexus

Brachial plexus and subclavian artery

Brachial plexus, subclavian artery, and subclavian vein

Brachial plexus, subclavian artery, subclavian vein, and thoracic duct

Brachial plexus and subclavian artery

The anterior ramus of the C7 spinal nerve supplies which of the following?

Long thoracic nerve

Medical pectoral nerve

Superior and inferior subscapular nerves

Suprascapular nerve

Long thoracic nerve

A patient presents with diminished sensation through the lateral forearm, elbow flexion and forearm supination weakness, and a hyporeflexive biceps brachii muscle stretch reflex. Which is most likely affected by a lesion

Dorsal scapular nerve

Lateral pectoral nerve

Musculocutaneous nerve

Thoracodorsal nerve

Musculocutaneous nerve

An athletic training is helping an athlete manage a brachial plexus traction injury that affected the lateral cord of the brachial plexus. The function of which branch is most likely affected?

Axillary

Musculocutaneous

Radial

Ulnar

Musculocutaneous

A patient presents with diminished sensation through lateral shoulder as well as weakness with shoulder abduction and elbow flexion. Which is most likely affected by a lesion?

Axillary nerve

C5 spinal nerve

Suprascapular nerve

C5 spinal nerve

A patient presents with diminished sensation through lateral shoulder as well as shoulder abduction and lateral rotation weakness. Which is most likely affected by a lesion?

Axillary nerve

C5 spinal nerve

Suprascapular nerve

Axillary nerve

A patient presents with shoulder abduction and lateral rotation weakness but cutaneous sensory impairments. Which is most likely affected by a lesion?

Axillary nerve

C5 spinal nerve

Suprascapular nerve

Suprascapular nerve

Blood flows from the axillary artery directly into which vessel?

Brachial artery

Brachiocephalic trunk

Profunda brachial artery

Subclavian artery

Brachial artery

Blockage of the axillary vein would stop subsequent flow into which next vessel?

Basilic vein

Cephalic vein

Median cubital vein

Subclavian vein

Subclavian vein

The axillary nerve arises from the __________ cord and passes __________ around the surgical neck of the humerus to reach its target tissues.

Posterior, anteriorly

Posterior, posteriorly

Lateral, posteriorly

Lateral, anteriorly

Posterior, posteriorly

Which best describes the spinal segmental levels contributing to the radial nerve?

C5, C6, C7

C6, C7, C8, T1

C8, T1

C6, C7, C8

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

Which two nerves innervate the brachialis?

Musculocutaneous and radial

Musculocutaneous and ulnar

Median and ulnar

Median and radial

Musculocutaneous and radial

Which artery arises from the axillary artery posterior to the pectoralis minor?

Subscapular artery

Superior thoracic

Posterior circumflex humeral

Thoraco-acromial

Thoraco-acromial

Injury to the acromioclavicular joint most commonly results in ____________ migration of the clavicle relative to the acromion due to rupture of the __________ ligament.

Superior, coracoclavicular

Inferior, costoclavicular

Inferior, coracoclavicular

Superior, costoclavicular

Superior, coracoclavicular

The __________ border of rib 1 forms the __________ border of the axillary inlet.

Lateral, medial

Medial, medial

Medial, lateral

Lateral, lateral

Lateral, medial

The axillary vein is the proximal continuation of which of the following?

Cephalic

Subclavian

Basilic

Paired brachial

Basilic

The roots of the brachial plexus receive __________ fibers through the __________ rami communicans to carry into the periphery.

Parasympathetic, gray

Sympathetic, gray

Sympathetic, white

Parasympathetic, white

Sympathetic, gray

The coracoid process projects anterolaterally from the __________ of the scapula and lies inferior to the __________ clavicle.

Spine, lateral

Superior border, lateral

Spine, medial

Superior border, medial

Superior border, lateral

Which is a terminal branch of the medial cord of the brachial plexus?

Ulnar nerve

Medial pectoral nerve

Medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm

Medial cutaneous nerve of the arm

Ulnar nerve

The medial and lateral cords of the brachial plexus run medial and lateral to the __________ artery and give rise to nerves which supply the __________ compartments of the upper limb.

Brachial, posterior

Brachial, anterior

Axillary, posterior

Axillary, anterior

Axillary, anterior

Related to its function as a sensory tool, the hand has a disproportionately __________ area devoted to it within the __________ gyrus of the brain.

Large, precentral

Small, postcentral

Small, precentral

Large, postcentral

Large, postcentral

The inferior subscapular nerve supplies which other muscle aside from the subscapularis?

Rhomboid major

Teres major

Rhomboid minor

Teres minor

Teres major

An injury to the median nerve at its most proximal point would likely lead to diminished sensation through digit __________ and weakness of muscles in the anterior compartment of the __________.

One, arm

One, forearm

Five, arm

Five, forearm

One, forearm

The axillary artery becomes the brachial artery at which site?

Upper border of teres major

Lower border of teres major

Upper border of pectoralis major

Lower border of pectoralis major

Lower border of teres major

Which nerve arises from the roots of the brachial plexus with segmental contributions from C5, C6, and C7?

Thoracodorsal

Dorsal scapular

Long thoracic

Musculocutaneous

Long thoracic

The axillary sheath is continuous with the __________ layer of cervical fascia proximally and passes through the axilla into the __________ compartment of the arm.

Prevertebral, posterior

Investing, posterior

Prevertebral, anterior

Investing, anterior

Prevertebral, anterior

Which is a component of the medial axillary wall?

Latissimus dorsi

Subclavius

Serratus anterior

Pectoralis minor

Serratus anterior

Which best describes the activity of the brachialis during elbow flexion?

Active with forearm supinated

Active with forearm pronated and supinated

Active with forearm pronated

Active with forearm pronated and supinated

The sternoclavicular joint is which type of joint?

Saddle

Congyloid

Ball and socket

Pivot

Saddle

Which segmental levels contribute to the axillary nerve

C5

C5, C6

C5, C6, C7

C6, C7, C8

C5, C6

You are treating patients with shoulder abduction weakness without cutaneous sensory impairments. Which is the most likely cause?

Suprascapular nerve injury

Axillary nerve injury

C5 radiculopathy

Suprascapular nerve injury

The radial nerve arises from the _____ cord/cords which arieses/rise from the ______ division of the trunks

Posterior, anterior

Posterior, posterior

Medial and lateral, anterior

Medial and lateral, posterior

Posterior, posterior

Which best describes all the joints which that abductor pollicis longus crosses?

Wrist

Wrist, carpometacarpal joint of thumb

Wrist, carpometacarpal joint of thumb , metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb

Wrist, carpometacarpal joint of thumb , metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb, interphalangeal joint of thumb

Wrist, carpometacarpal joint of thumb

Which best describes all the joints which the extensor pollicis brevis crosses?

Wrist

Wrist, carpometacarpal joint of thumb

Wrist, carpometacarpal joint of thumb, metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb

Wrist, carpometacarpal joint of thumb, metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb, interphalangeal joint of thumb

Wrist, carpometacarpal joint of thumb, metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb

Which best describes all the joints which the extensor pollicis longus crosses

Wrist

Wrist, carpometacarpal joint of thumb

Wrist, carpometacarpal joint of thumb, metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb

Wrist, carpometacarpal joint of thumb, metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb, interphalangeal joint of thumb

Wrist, carpometacarpal joint of thumb, metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb, interphalangeal joint of thumb

You are treating a patient with wrist extension and forearm supination weakness and no active extension of the digits of their hand. No other impairments are noted. At which site is a lesion most likely?

Radial nerve lesion just distal to brachial plexus

Radial nerve lesion just proximal to elbow

Deep branch of radial nerve lesion

Posterior interosseous nerve lesion

Deep branch of radial nerve lesion

You are treating a patient with sensory loss in their dorsolateral hand, no active extension of their wrist or digits of their hand, weakness of elbow flexion, and an absent brachioradialis muscle stretch reflex. No other impairments are noted. At which site is a lesion most likely?

Radial nerve lesion just distal to brachial plexus

Radial nerve lesion just proximal to elbow

Deep branch of radial nerve lesion

Posterior interosseous nerve lesion

Radial nerve lesion just proximal to elbow

You are treating a patient with shoulder abduction weakness, diminished sensation over the lateral shoulder, and a hypoactive deltoid and biceps brachii reflexes. Which is the most likely cause?

Suprascapular nerve injury

Axillary nerve injury

C5 radiculopathy

C5 radiculopathy

The glenoid labrum is comprised of __________ and blends with the tendon of the long head of the __________ brachii.

Hyaline cartilage, triceps

Hyaline cartilage, biceps

Fibrocartilage, triceps

Fibrocartilage, biceps

Fibrocartilage, biceps

Which is best structured to resist both lateral rotation and abduction of the glenohumeral joint?

Inferior glenohumeral ligament

Middle glenohumeral ligament

Superior glenohumeral ligament

Transverse humeral ligament

Inferior glenohumeral ligament

Which arises from the thyrocervical trunk in the base of the neck?

Anterior circumflex humeral artery

Suprascapular artery

Posterior circumflex humeral artery

Circumflex capsular artery

Suprascapular artery

Which pass through the anatomical snuffbox?

Posterior interosseous nerve and radial artery

Superficial branch of radial nerve and posterior interosseous artery

Posterior interosseous nerve and posterior interosseous artery

Superficial branch of radial nerve and radial artery

Superficial branch of radial nerve and radial artery

Anterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint typically results from which combination of movements?

Abduction with medial rotation

Adduction with lateral rotation

Adduction with medial rotation

Abduction with lateral rotation

Abduction with lateral rotation

A patient presents with diminished sensation in the lateral arm and shoulder abduction weakness. If due to a peripheral nerve lesion, which is most likely affected?

Suprascapular nerve

Axillary nerve

Dorsal scapular nerve

Radial nerve

Axillary nerve

The lesser tubercle of the humerus is __________ to the anatomical neck on the __________ surface of the humerus

Proximal, anterior

Proximal, posterior

Lateral, anterior

Lateral, posterior

Lateral, anterior

Which is found external to the subacromial space?

Tendon of subscapularis

Coracohumeral ligament

Tendon of longhead of biceps brachii

Tendon of supraspinatus

Tendon of subscapularis

Which structures exit the axilla through the triangular interval?

Axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery

Axillary nerve and profunda brachii artery

Radial nerve and profunda brachii artery

Radial nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery

Radial nerve and profunda brachii artery

Which is most likely to be injured with a fracture at the midshaft of the humerus?

Radial nerve

Inferior subscapular nerve

Suprascapular nerve

Axillary nerve

Radial nerve

Which is able to act at only the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb?

Extensor pollicis longus

Abductor pollicis longus

Extensor pollicis brevis

Abductor pollicis longus

A patient presents with weakness of only medial rotation and extension of the glenohumeral joint. Which nerve is most likely affected by a lesion?

Suprascapular

Inferior subscapular

Axillary

Superior subscapular

Inferior subscapular

With a complete lesion affecting the posterior interosseous nerve, the function of which muscle would be lost?

Brachioradilis

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Extensor digitorum

Extensor digitorum

To which movements at the shoulder can the long head of the triceps brachii contribute?

Flexion and adduction

Extension and adduction

Flexion and abduction

Extension and abduction

Extension and adduction

The deep branch of the radial nerve passes through which muscle?

Supinator

Anconeus

Brachialis

Brachioradilais

Supinator

To which can the brachioradialis contribute?

Elbow flexion and wrist extension

Elbow flexion, wrist extension, and wrist abduction

Elbow flexion

Elbow flexion and wrist abduction

Elbow flexion

Following a complete rupture of one of the muscles of their rotator cuff, a patient is exhibiting excessive superior translation of the humeral head during the initiation of abduction. Which was most likely injured?

Subscapularis

Infraspinatus

Suprasinatus

Teres minor

Suprasinatus

You are treating a patient no sensory impairments, wrist extension weakness, and no active extension of digits of their hand. No other impairments are noted. At which site is a lesion most likely?

Radial nerve just distal to brachial plexus

Radial nerve just proximal to elbow

Anterior interosseous nerve

Posterior interosseous nerve

Posterior interosseous nerve

You are treating a patient with sensory loss in their dorsolateral hand, no active extension of their wrist or digits of their hand, weakness of elbow flexion, and an absent brachioradialis muscle stretch reflex. No other impairments are noted. At which site is a lesion most likely?

Radial nerve lesion just distal to brachial plexus

Radial nerve lesion just proximal to elbow

Deep branch of radial nerve lesion

Posterior interosseous nerve

Radial nerve lesion just proximal to elbow

Which is best structured to resist abduction of the forearm at the elbow joint?

Annular ligament

Interosseous membrane

Radial collateral ligament

Ulnar collateral ligament

Ulnar collateral ligament

Which best describes the joints which the flexor digitorum superficialis can flex?

Wrist

Wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints of digits 2-5

Wrist, metacarpophalangeal joints, and proximal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5

Wrist, metacarpophalangeal joints, proximal interphalangeal joints, and distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5

Wrist, metacarpophalangeal joints, and proximal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5

Which best describes the joints which the flexor digitorum profundus can flex?

Wrist

Wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints of digits 2-5

Wrist, metacarpophalangeal joints, and proximal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5

Wrist, metacarpophalangeal joints, proximal interphalangeal joints, and distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5

Wrist, metacarpophalangeal joints, proximal interphalangeal joints, and distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5

A patient with a loss of active flexion of the distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2 and 3. This is most likely due to a lesion of the ______ nerve affecting the lateral half of the flexor digitorum ______.

Median, superficialis

Median, profundus

Ulnar, superficialis

Ulnar, profundus

Median, profundus

Which are found in the roof of the cubital fossa?

Superficial and deep branches of the radial nerve

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm and deep branch of the radial nerve

Lateral and medial cutaneous nerves of the forearm

Superficial branch of the radial nerve and medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm

Lateral and medial cutaneous nerves of the forearm

The articular disc of the distal radio-ulnar joint is composed of __________ and moves with the __________ during pronation and supination.

Hyaline cartilage, radius

Hyaline cartilage, ulna

Fibrocartilage, radius

Fibrocartilage, ulna

Fibrocartilage, radius

Which exits the forearm, passing deep to the flexor retinaculum to enter the hand?

Palmar branch of ulnar nerve

Median nerve

Ulnar nerve

Palmar branch of median nerve

Median nerve

The articulation of the trochlea with the __________ forms the __________ half of the elbow joint.

Ulna, medial

Ulna, lateral

Radius, lateral

Radius, medial

Ulna, medial

Which is best structured to resist adduction of the forearm at the elbow joint?

Radial collateral ligament

Annular ligament

Ulnar collateral ligament

Radial collateral ligament

The flexor digitorum superficialis attaches to the ____________ surfaces of the __________ phalanges of digits 2 through 5.

Dorsal, middle

Dorsal, proximal

Palmar, middle

Palmar, proximal

Palmar, middle

The cubital tunnel is a passageway for the __________ nerve formed by the __________.

Deep branch of the radial, supinator

Deep branch of the radial, flexor carpi ulnaris

Ulnar, flexor carpi ulnaris

Ulnar, supinator

Ulnar, flexor carpi ulnaris

The function of which muscle would be maintained with a lesion of the median nerve within the arm?

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Pronator teres

Flexor carpi radialis

Palmaris longus

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Which best describes the structural classification of the middle radio-ulnar joint?

Synovial pivot

Fibrous syndesmosis

Synovial condyloid

Fibrous suture

Fibrous syndesmosis

With which active movement would impairment be expected with a lesion affecting the anterior interosseous nerve?

Flexion of the distal interphalangeal joint of digit 5

Extension of the distal interphalangeal joint of digit 5

Extension of the interphalangeal joint of digit 1

Flexion of the interphalangeal joint of digit 1

Flexion of the interphalangeal joint of digit 1

The coronoid fossa is structured to accommodate the __________ in elbow __________.

Radius, flexion

Ulna, flexion

Ulna, extension

Radius, extension

Ulna, flexion

The median nerve descends through the forearm __________ to the flexor digitorum superficialis proximally and __________ to the flexor carpi radialis tendon distally.

Superficial, lateral

Superficial, medial

Deep, medial

Deep, lateral

Deep, medial

Your patient sustained an injury due to excessive adduction at the elbow joint. Which ligament was most likely involved?

Annular ligament

Radial collateral ligament

Ulnar collateral ligament

Radial collateral ligament

A patient presents with a loss of active flexion of the distal interphalangeal joints of digit 4 and 5. This is most likely due to a lesion of the ____ nerve affecting the lateral half of the flexor digitorum _____.

Median, superficialis

Median, profundus

Ulnar, superficialis

Ulnar, profundus

Ulnar, profundus

The function of which muscle or muscles would be impaired with an injury of the recurrent branch of the median nerve?

Flexor digiti minimi

Lumbricals 1 and 2 (lateral)

Flexor pollicis brevis

Lumbricals 3 and 4 (medial)

Flexor pollicis brevis

Which is innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve?

Opponens pollicis

Abductor pollicis brevis

Adductor pollicis

Flexor pollicis brevis

Adductor pollicis

Which is the most lateral bone in the distal row of carpals?

Trapezium

Hamate

Triquetrum

Pisiform

Trapezium

Which movements of the radiocarpal joint are best facilitated by the geometry of its joint surfaces?

Flexion and adduction

Extension and adduction

Flexion and abduction

Extension and abduction

Flexion and adduction

The arterial supply of which bone enters its distal pole making it subject to avascular necrosis in its proximal pole with a fracture through its waist?

Capitate

Scaphoid

Lunate

Trapezoid

Scaphoid

The ulnar nerve passes through the palm __________ to the flexor retinaculum and __________ to the pisiform.

Deep, lateral

Superficial, lateral

Deep, medial

Superficial, medial

Superficial, lateral

The radial artery passes between the heads of the __________ dorsal interosseous muscle and gives rise to the __________ palmar arch.

First, deep

Second, superficial

First, superficial

Second, deep

First, deep

At which joint or joints associated with digit 5 can the opponens digiti minimi create movement?

Carpometacarpal

Carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal

Carpometacarpal, metacarpophalangeal, and proximal interphalangeal

Carpometacarpal, metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, and distal interphalangeal

Carpometacarpal

Which terms are used to describe the sagittal plane movements of the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint?

Opposition and reposition

Flexion and extension

Abduction and adduction

Abduction and adduction

The __________ venous arch of the hand gives rise to the basilic vein from its __________ side

Dorsal, lateral

Palmar, medial

Dorsal, medial

Palmar, lateral

Dorsal, medial

The tendon of which muscle passes through its own independent compartment within the flexor retinaculum?

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Flexor pollicis brevis

Flexor carpi radialis

Flexor pollicis longus

Flexor carpi radialis

The palmar radiocarpal ligaments are best structured to resist which movement for the wrist?

Flexion

Adduction

Abduction

Extension

Extension

Because of their attachments to the extensor hoods, the lumbricals can create __________ of the metacarpophalangeal joints with concurrent __________ at the interphalangeal joints.

Extension, extension

Flexion, extension

Flexion, flexion

Extension, flexion

Flexion, extension

Cutaneous sensory loss in which area would result from a lesion of the ulnar nerve just proximal to the proximal row of carpals?

Palmar surface of proximal medial hand

Dorsal surface of proximal medial hand

Palmar surface of digit 5

Dorsal surface of digit 5

Palmar surface of digit 5

Which form the boundaries of the ventricle of the larynx?

Laryngeal inlet and vestibular folds

Vestibular folds and vocal folds

Vocal folds and inferior margin of cricoid cartilage

Vestibular folds and vocal folds

An athletic trainer is helping an athlete manage a brachial plexus traction injury that affects the medial posterior cord of the brachial plexus. The function of which branch is most likely affected?

Axillary

Musculocutaneous

Radial

Ulnar

Radial

An athletic trainer is helping an athlete manage a brachial plexus traction injury that affects the medial cord of the brachial plexus. The function of which branch is most likely affected?

Axillary

Musculocutaneous

Radial

Ulnar

Ulnar

An athletic trainer is helping an athlete manage a brachial plexus traction injury that affects the lateral posterior cord of the brachial plexus. The function of which branch is most likely affected?

Axillary

Musculocutaneous

Radial

Ulnar

axillary

A patient presents with no diminished sensation, rhomboid functional weakness, and a hyporeflexive biceps brachii muscle stretch reflex. Which is most likely affected by a lesion?

dorsal scapular nerve

lateral pectoral nerve

musculocutaneous nerve

thoracodorsal nerve

dorsal scapular nerve

A patient presents with no diminished sensation, latissimus dorsi weakness, and a hyporeflexive biceps brachii muscle stretch reflex. Which is most likely affected by a lesion?

dorsal scapular nerve

lateral pectoral nerve

musculocutaneous nerve

thoracodorsal nerve

thoracodorsal nerve

A patient presents with no diminished sensation, pectoralis major weakness, and a hyporeflexive biceps brachii muscle stretch reflex. Which is most likely affected by a lesion?

Dorsal scapular nerve

Lateral pectoral nerve

Musculocutaneous nerve

Thoracodorsal nerve

Lateral Pectoral Nerve

A patient presents with diminished sensation through lateral arm, shoulder abduction and elbow flexion weakness, and a hyporeflexive biceps brachii muscle stretch reflex. Which is most likely affected by a lesion?

Axillary nerve

C5 spinal nerve

C6 spinal nerve

Musculocutaneous nerve

C5 spinal nerve

Blockage of the axillary vein would stop subsequent flow into which next vessel?

basilic vein

cephalic vein

median cubital vein

subclavian vein

subclavian vein