Unit One: Doing Philosophy – Key Vocabulary

Paradigm Shift

A fundamental change in perspective or underlying assumptions within a field of inquiry.

Science

The empirical, investigative study of the natural world; it observes reality partially and cannot address moral or political questions fully.

Empirical

Based on observation, experience, or experiment rather than theory alone.

Investigative Method

The systematic, evidence-based approach used by science to understand phenomena.

Limitations of Science

Science cannot answer every question, especially those involving morality, politics, or ultimate meaning.

Religion (Method)

Relies on receiving and believing revelation from God.

Revelation

Divine truth disclosed by God that is accepted by faith.

Philosophy (Method)

An armchair, reflective discipline that employs conversation and critical thought rather than experiments or revelation.

Reflective Thinking

Careful, critical consideration of experiences and ideas to gain deeper understanding.

Understanding vs. Knowledge

Philosophy seeks broader comprehension (understanding) rather than mere accumulation of facts (knowledge).

Gabriel Marcel

French existentialist who distinguished between primary and secondary reflection.

Primary Reflection

Analyzes persons through predicates