Gandhi
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Gandhi
a prominent leader in the Indian independence movement, known for his philosophy of nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience.
Gandhi early life
Raised in a devout Hindu family, influenced by his religious upbringing. Gandhi's father served as (prime minister) exposing him to political and social issues
Gandhi become more concious of discrimnation
South Africa against Indians
Refused first class seat on a train
Bias laws to Indians in South Africa
All non-whites had to carry ID cards at all times
How did Ganhdi participate in the Boer war
he did not directly participate in military actions, Gandhi organized volunteer ambulance corps
provided medical assistance to wounded soldiers, regardless of their nationality.
Gandhi’s goal when moving back to africa
actively participate in the Indian independence movement.
it was time to apply these principles to the struggle for India's freedom from British colonial rule.
Indian national congress
a political party advocating for India's self-rule, invited Gandhi to join their cause.
Amritsar Massacre
A tragic event in 1919 where British troops opened fire on a large gathering of unarmed Indian civilians in Amritsar, leading to widespread outrage and increased support for Indian independence.
Armistice massacre importance
Turning point for Gandhi, Gandhi called for unity among Indians, transcending religious and regional differences
Gandhi’s goal from non violent protest
seeked equal rights ( arrested frequently)
Ashima
reverence for life
Children of God
Gandhi's belief in the inherent dignity of all individuals, emphasizing compassion and respect for every human being.
Khadi
a handspun cloth symbolizing self-reliance and non-violence.
khadi importance
Encouraged all to make their own clothing and dress in traditional Indian clothing, not western
The spinning wheel became the symbol of his movement
economic symbolisim
By spinning and weaving their own cloth, people could reduce their dependence on British-made textiles
empowerment of rural economy
traditional method of hand-spinning and weaving not only preserved Indian craftsmanship but also stood against the exploitative nature of the British industrial system.
how did gandhi give opportunity for women
Gandhi envisioned that the production of khadi would provide employment opportunities for villagers, particularly women
Included women in the movement of british products
equality symbolism
sought to break down social and economic barriers.
He wanted people of all classes and communities, including the untouchables, to adopt khadi as a symbol of equality.
Gandhi himself wore simple khadi clothes to emphasize his commitment to a simple and austere lifestyle.
political symbolism
The spinning wheel and khadi came to represent the principles of self-reliance, nonviolence, and resistance against foreign rule.
boycoott of birtish good from gahddi
This was a tangible way for individuals to participate in the independence movement by rejecting British-made textiles.
3 strategies of protesting
Boycotting, Non cooperation, Fasting
Fasting evoked what?
created a moral dilemma for his opponents and evoked sympathy from the public and even his adversaries.
self sacrifice and negoiating tool moral pressure
Salt march
British taxed salt and made it illegal for Indians to sell it
Gandhi lead a group from his ashram 240 miles over 24 days to the salt marshes on the coast
Encouraged locals to make salt from ocean water
Why was the salt march important
organized challenge of British authority and a pivotal moment in the Indian independence movement, demonstrating nonviolent resistance and unifying the Indian populace against colonial rule.
Indian independence
Britain delayed talks about independence
Britain was growing weak from the war and India refused to aid Britain without concessions
Lord Mountbatten
sent to India as the last ‘Viceroy’ with the job of arranging independence. He believed it would be impossible to create one united India. he thought it best to create two countries – India, which would be largely Hindu, and Pakistan, which would be largely Muslim.
Cyril Radcliffe
Radcliffe had never been to India, knew little about the situation and was only given 40 days to complete the job!
After seeing the chaos it caused he refused to accept the money he was offered for doing the work
After the spliting contries what happend
10-15 million people were forced to migrate across newly drawn borders, leading to violent clashes, looting, & massacres as different groups crossed into unfamiliar territories.
Migration problems
eligious and ethnic tensions and distrust
Poorly planned, No clear leadership
Revenge killings
1-2 million people killed and millions more displaced.
the parition
Establishment of Pakistan (Muslim) and India (Hindu), violence erupted,Gandhi and Jinnah Ali wanted both religions to coexist and live together but there was mutual distrust
What did Gandhi do to stop the parition
fasted for 21 days from
Moral and Spiritual Influence
Public and Political Pressure
Emotional Appeal
Nonviolent Philosophy
Nathuram Godse
Hindu nationalistwho assassinated Gandhi in 1948 due to his views on Hindu-Muslim unity. (did not want to unify)
how was indpendece from britain acheived
non violent protest
Flashcards (71)