Counseling Final Exam Study Guide

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27 Terms

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Psychodynamic Theory

A psychological framework emphasizing the influence of the unconscious mind on behavior and relationships.

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Defense mechanisms

Psychological strategies used to cope with reality and maintain self-image.

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Denial

A defense mechanism involving refusing to accept reality or facts.

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Displacement

Redirecting emotions from the original source to a safer target.

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Grandiosity

A defense mechanism characterized by an inflated sense of self-importance.

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Introjection

Internalizing beliefs or feelings of others as one's own.

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Projection

Attributing one's unacceptable thoughts and feelings to someone else.

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Regression

Reverting to behaviors characteristic of an earlier stage of development.

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Repression

Excluding distressing memories or thoughts from conscious awareness.

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Motivational Interviewing (MI)

A collaborative conversation method aimed at enhancing a person's motivation for change.

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Evocation

Drawing out an individual's reasons for change instead of imposing ideas.

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Ambivalence

Coexisting conflicting feelings about a decision or change process.

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Change talk

Statements made by clients indicating desire or reasons to change.

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Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT)

A therapeutic approach that focuses on solutions rather than problems.

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Future focused

Concentrating on possible positive outcomes instead of past issues.

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Family Systems Theory (FST)

A framework for understanding individuals within the context of their family dynamics and relationships.

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Boundaries

Rules that define the ways family members interact and relate to one another.

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Enmeshed families

Families with blurred boundaries where individual member's emotions and identities are intertwined.

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Structural Family Therapy (SFT)

A therapeutic approach that examines family structure and dynamics to facilitate change.

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Gottman’s Approach

A marriage therapy method that emphasizes the importance of friendship and positive communication within relationships.

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Four horsemen

Negative communication patterns identified by John Gottman that predict relationship breakdown (criticism, defensiveness, contempt, stonewalling).

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Exposure Therapy

A behavioral treatment for anxiety disorders that involves exposure to feared stimuli without accompanying rituals or avoidance.

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Reactance theory

The psychological response to perceived threats to freedom or autonomy, often leading to opposition or rebellion.

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Multi-directed partiality

A concept in family therapy where a therapist shows empathy to multiple family members without taking sides.

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Triangulation

A relational dynamic where a third party is involved in a dyadic conflict, often creating imbalance.

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Righting reflex

The instinct to correct or fix someone's problems rather than allowing them to find their own solutions.

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High and Low DoS (Differentiation of Self)

A concept in Family Systems Theory that describes the balance between individuality and togetherness within a family.