Latin Subjunctive

How to form imperfect subjunctive?

infinitive plus m, s, t, mus, tis, nt

How to form imperfect passive subjunctive

infinitive + r, ris, tur, mur, mini, ntur

How to form pluperfect subjunctive ?

Perfect active infinitive + m, s, t, mus, tis ,nt

1st - Purpose Clause What are the words to spot for a purpose clause

ut. ne

What does ut/ne mean?

in order to or in order not to

milites ex urbe fugerunt ne ab hostibus necarentur

The soldiers fled from the city in order not to be killed by the enemy

dominus in horto stabat ut mercatorem salutaret

The master was standing in the garden in order to greet the merchant

2nd - Indirect command are formed by what?

An ordering verb, ut or ne then the subjunctive

persuadeo

I persuade

impero

I order

peto

I think

oro

I beg

moneo

I warn, advise

rogo

I ask

uxor mihi persuasit ne hoc faceret

My wife persuaded me not to do this

puella agricola oravit ut leonem occideret

The girl begged the farmer to kill the lion

femina peuris persuasit ne pecuniam auferrent

The woman persuaded the boys not to steel the money

sacerdos regem iussit ex urbe fugere

The priests ordered the King to flee the city

3rd - Result Clauses How to spot them?

Sing post word plus ut plus subjunctive

tam

so

tantus

so great

tot

so many

adeo

so greatly

talis

such a

How do you translate a result clause?

he was so fast that

amici adeo gaudebant ut totam noctem vinum biberent

The friends were rejoicing so greatly that they drunk wine for the whole night

4th - Fearing clause How do you spot one?

timeo, plus ne

How to translate a result clause?

I was fearing that

nuntius timebat ne ex urbe effugere non poset.

The messenger was fearing that he would not be able to escape the city

rex timebat ne mercator servos necavisset

The king was fearing that the merchant had killed the slaves

5th - Cum Clause, how to spot them?

cum + subj

How to translate cum clause?

When

cum rex cibum consumeret, servos in horto vidit

When the king was eating the food, he saw the slaves in the garden

cum hostes urbem oppugnavissent, omnes cives quam celerrime fugerunt

When the enemy had attacked the city, all the slaves fled as quickly as possible

6th - Indirect question How to spot them?

Verb of asking, plus question word, plus subjunctive

nuntius mercatorem rogavit ubi cives essent

The messenger asked the merchant where the citizens were

Dum + Subjunctive, how do you translate it?

Until

filius diligenter laborabat dum pater reveniret

The son was working carefully until the father arrived