6. Covalent Bonding and Its Nomenclature, and Other Types of Bonds

what causes covalent bonding (think electronegativity)

low electronegativity

covalent bond means ___ electrons, while ionic bonding means ___ electrons

sharing, take or lose

what are the strongest types of covalent bonds?

triple bonds

assuming n bonds in a covalent bond, this means that ___ electrons are shared

2n

if electrons are equally shared, the bond is called..

nonpolar covalent bond

covalent bonding forms between ___

two or more nonmetals

nonequal sharing of electron is called what?

polar covalent bond

covalent compounds are also called...

molecular compounds

the smallest entity of a molecular compound is called a

molecule

can metals form covalent bonds?

no

what two states are molecular substances usually in at roomp temperature?

gas, liquid

molecular substances are held together by...

intermolecular forces

intermolecular forces are..

weak

molecular substances have ___ melting and ___ boiling points

low, low

what makes a material a good conductor of electricity?

free-flowing electrons

ionic compounds have ____ boiling point, ____ melting point

high, high

solutions made from dissolved ionic compounds in water are ____ electrical conductors

good

what does the Pauling scale measure?

difference in electronegativity

if electronegativity difference is between 0 to 0.3, the bond is

nonpolar covalent

if electronegativity difference is between 0.3 and 1.7, the bond is

polar covalent

if electronegativity difference is above 1.7, the bond is

ionic

in covalent naming, you always add a ___ to the second name

prefix

what ion (element and charge) is always the cation in an acid?

H+

if the anion in the acid ends with "ide" or "ate", always...

replace them with ic

if the anion in the acid ends with "ide", always...

add the prefix hydro

if the anion in the acid ends with "ite", always...

replace it iwth ous

all acids are...

aqueous

what are hydrates?

ionic compounds with water molecules

the melting point of metals depend on...

amount of electrons present in "electron sea"

what is ductility?

ability to be pulled

what is malleability?

ability to be pressed

how do you identify ionic compounds?

see if cation with anion

how do you identify molecular covalent compounds?

see if all nonmetals

list all network covalent compounds

carbon, silicon, silicon dioxide, silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, bismuth carbide

all network covalent compounds contain either of these or more of these five elements

carbon, silicon, oxygen, tungsten, bismuth

binary compounds only...

contain two elements

an oxyanion is...

an anion containing O

an ionic compound is always..

electrically neutral

molecular compounds do not have...

ions

molecular compounds are held together by...

intermolecular forces