INDUSTRIAL 1750 - 1900 DEFINITIONS

back to back housing

double rows of houses where each house has its own front wall but is joined to others at the back side

cholera

a disease that arrived in 1831 which was spread by water contaminated with excrement

civic pride

the idea of creating beautiful public buildings in towns that created pride in local communities

great stink

event in 1858 when the Thames got so clogged up with sewage during the summer that the smell was unbearable
lead to bazalgette’s sewers in london, 1,300 miles of sewers built

laissez-faire

allowing people to look after their own affairs without the government involvement

lodging houses

a type of cheap housing where families lodged together sharing facilities

pail privies

type of toilets where the waste collected into a pails (buckets)

pea souper fogs

a type of pollution where smoke from factories combined with smoke from houses create thick fogs
caused lung conditions like tb

typhoid

a water borne disease caused by contaminated water

growth of cities

by 1850 more people lived in cities than countrysides

manchester

life expectancy of 26
high infant mortality - 60% died before 5

cholera

caused by contaminated water
came from india
outbreaks 1831, 48, 54, 65
it killed over 100,000 people

adulteration

chalk put in bread, no regulation in the 19th century

Edwin Chadwick

published “Sanitary Report” in 1848
lead to the first public health act of 1848

• only compulsory if death rate was high

• only 163 places

• did not apply to London
  

John Snow

• identified the link between contaminated water and cholera by investigating Broad Street Cholera outbreak in 1854

• at first little impact

• then after 1861 (pasteur) success

Sanitary Act

1866 - forced local authorities to provide fresh water and sewers to every house

(1,300 miles of new sewers built in London the year prior)

Public Health Act

1875 - forced authorities to clean waste in towns, and provide clean water and sewers

decline of laissez-faire

as more people got the vote (working class men in 1867) the government now had to listen to the needs of people.

different responses to cholera

1830s

• national day of fasting humiliation and prayer (2nd march 1832)

• burning tar in the streets

1850s onwards

• link between dirt and disease, germs and cholera understood

• government legislation

1831, 48, 54, 65

cholera outbreaks

1848

edwin chadwick’s sanitary report

first public health act

1854

john snow on the broad street outbreak

1858

the great stink and bazalgette’s sewers

1861

pasteur’s germ theory

1866 and 67

sanitary act and working class men get the vote

1875

public health act - mandatory one