MALARIA

What type of infection is malaria?

Protozoal infection

Give all the other names (AKAs) of malaria listed in your notes.

Ague; Marsh Disease; King of Tropical Disease

Name the vector species that transmits malaria in your notes (be specific).

Female Anopheles flavirostris mosquito

List the mosquito behavior/environment characteristics in your notes (enumerate).

1. Night biting
2. High flying
3. Stream
4. Mountain/Forest

Causative agent #1 with incubation: state the species and days.

Plasmodium falciparum — 10–12 days

Causative agent #2 with incubation: state the species and days.

Plasmodium vivax — 14 days

Causative agent #3 with incubation: state the species and days.

Plasmodium ovale — 14 days

Causative agent #4 with incubation: state the species and days.

Plasmodium malariae — 30 days

Causative agent #5 with incubation: state the species and what your notes indicate for days.

Plasmodium knowlesi — not specified (—)

Name the three classic stages of a malaria attack in correct order.

Cold stage; Hot stage; Diaphoretic stage

Cold stage: give the duration exactly as in your notes.

15 minutes to 2 hours

Cold stage: list the signs/symptoms exactly from your notes.

Chills; Gooseflesh

Hot stage: give the duration exactly as in your notes.

4–6 hours

Hot stage: list the signs/symptoms exactly from your notes.

Fever; Hemolysis (rupture of RBC)

Diaphoretic stage: give the duration exactly as in your notes.

2–4 hours

Diaphoretic stage: list the signs/symptoms exactly from your notes.

Sweating; Weakness

In community diagnosis, what specific test and at what stage should it be done?

Blood smearing during the hot stage

In hospital diagnosis, what specific test and when can it be done?

Quantitative Buffy Coat (QBC), done anytime

Control measure: Define “stream seeding” exactly as in your notes.

Introduction of larvae-eating fish

Control measure: Define “zooprophylaxis” exactly as in your notes.

Domestication of carabaos

Control measure: Define “stream clearing” exactly as in your notes.

Removal of vegetations

Control measure: Name the chemoprophylaxis drug listed.

Chloroquine

Control measure: What household barrier method is specified?

Screening of doors and windows

Control measure: What specific behavior should be avoided and when/where?

Avoid loitering in the forest at night

Drug of choice (DOC), 1st line: give the complete generic and brand in your notes.

Artemether–Lumefantrine (Co-artem)

Drug of choice (DOC), 2nd line: name it exactly as in your notes.

Chloroquine

Drug of choice (DOC), 3rd line: name it exactly as in your notes.

Fansidar

WOF (watch out for) complications: name the complication associated with dark urine in severe hemolysis as listed.

Black water fever

Mode of transmission (write the exact phrase used in your notes).

Anopheles flavirostris

List all five Plasmodium species from your notes in order #1 to #5.

1. Plasmodium falciparum
2. Plasmodium vivax
3. Plasmodium ovale
4. Plasmodium malariae
5. Plasmodium knowlesi

Community diagnostic timing: at what exact stage is the blood smear done?

Hot stage

Hospital diagnostic flexibility: when can QBC be performed?

Anytime

State the full set of control measures (enumerate exactly as in your notes).

1. Stream seeding (introduction of larvae-eating fish)
2. Zooprophylaxis (domestication of carabaos)
3. Stream clearing (removal of vegetations)
4. Chloroquine
5. Screening of doors and windows
6. Avoid loitering in the forest at night

State the full set of management steps (enumerate exactly as in your notes).

1. Complete bed rest
2. Record onset and duration of attack
3. Blood transfusion: packed RBC
4. DOC — 1st line: Artemether–Lumefantrine (Co-artem)
5. 2nd line: Chloroquine
6. 3rd line: Fansidar
7. WOF complications

DOC hierarchy (write all three in order: 1st → 2nd → 3rd).

Artemether–Lumefantrine (Co-artem) → Chloroquine → Fansidar