enzymes quiz

what is the first law of thermodynamics

energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only converted

what is the second law of thermodynamics

more energy is needed for a transfer because some is lost in the form of heat energy

what is potential energy

energy that is stored

what is kinetic energy

energy of motion

is chemical energy kinetic or potential

potential

what is free energy

chemical energy available to do work

what does it mean if a reaction has negative free energy (delta g)

energy is released by the reaction

what does it mean if a reaction has positive free energy (delta g)

energy is required for the reaction

what are endergonic reactions

requires free energy to occur (positive delta g)

what are exergonic reactions

releases free energy as it occurs (negative delta g)

what is cellular metabolism

the sum of endergonic and exergonic reactions

what are catabolic reactions

break bonds to release energy

what are anabolic reactions

create bonds to store energy

what is energy coupling

using chemical energy from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction

what is an ea barrier

the minimum amount of energy needed to start a reaction

what is a biological catalyst

increases the rate of reaction

how do enzymes affect the ea barrier

they lower it

what is enzyme specificity

the shape of the active site determines which chemical reaction it will catalyze

what bond is at the primary level of a protein

peptide bonds

what bonds are at the secondary structure of a protein

hydrogen bonds

what bonds are at the tertiary structure of a protein

bonds between r groups

what part of an enzyme binds to the substrate

the active site

what kind of a reaction is dehydration synthesis

endergonic

what kind of reaction is hydrolysis 

exergonic 

what is induced fit

the active site changes shape just slightly to perfectly fit the substrate

what is denaturation

when a protein loses its shape and can’t do its job anymore

what is a competitive inhibitor

blocks an enzyme’s active site by competing with the substrate 

what is a non-competitive inhibitor

allows the substrate to bind to the active site by binding to the allosteric site

what molecule stores freed energy

atp

what level of protein structure determines the shape of the active site

tertiary