The high middle ages flash cardss based off of prio study guide

Parliament

A legislative body in the United Kingdom.

Saladin

A Muslim military leader known for his role in the Crusades.

Richard the Lion-Hearted

King of England known for his leadership during the Crusades.

King John

King of England who signed the Magna Carta.

Magna Carta

A charter signed in 1215 that limited the powers of the king.

Papacy

The office of the Pope in the Roman Catholic Church.

Holy Land

Region in the Middle East considered sacred by Christians, Jews, and Muslims.

Pilgrimage

A journey to a sacred place for religious reasons.

Pontiff

A term used to refer to the Pope.

Penance

A sacrament in the Catholic Church involving repentance for sins.

Urban II

Pope who called for the First Crusade.

Crusades

Military campaigns sanctioned by the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages.

Reconquista

The period of history in which Christian kingdoms sought to recapture territory from Muslims in Spain.

Joan of Arc

A French peasant girl who became a national heroine for her role in the Hundred Years' War.

Long Bow

A powerful type of bow used in warfare, particularly by English archers.

Vernacular

The language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular country or region.

Battle of Hastings

A pivotal battle in 1066 where William the Conqueror defeated King Harold II.

Hundred Years War

A series of conflicts fought between England and France from 1337 to 1453.

Plague and the Silk Road

The spread of the Black Death through trade routes connecting Europe and Asia.

End of Manorialism

The decline of the feudal system where lords owned large estates worked by peasants.

Guilds and Rise of Towns

Organizations of artisans and merchants that regulated trade and contributed to urban growth.

Middle Class

A social class between the upper class and lower class, often consisting of merchants and professionals.

End of Feudalism

The transition from a feudal system to a more centralized form of governance.

Urbanization

The process of population movement from rural areas to cities.

Black Death

A devastating pandemic that struck Europe in the 14th century, killing millions.