Forensic Scientists

Orfila

“father of toxicology”, and wrote paper on the effects of poison on animals.

Bertillon

“father of criminal identification” he developed anthropometry.

Conan Doyle

Published Sherlock Holmes and is known as the “first CSI”, popularized scientific crime detection methods.

Galton

Published “Fingerprints”, studied their uniqueness.

Gross

Published “Criminal Investigation”, wrote about the scientific principles of criminal investigation.

Landsteiner

Discovered ABO blood groups, noble piece prize winner.

Locard

Implemented Gross’ principles into a crimelab, 1st crimelab in France.

Osborn

Wrote “Questioned Documents”- fundamental principles of document examination.

Lattes

Find blood type from dried blood.

Vollmer

“Father of law enforcement”, 1st crime lab in USA

Goddard

Comparison microscope (bullets=weapon?)

Locard Principle

Everyone will ALWAYS leave evidence of themselves behind.

Statutory Law

Declaring/commanding/prohibiting something (state law)(ex, running a red light)

Common/Case Law

Judicial opinions on appellate court. (Came from past cases, ex, Plessy V Ferguson)

Civil Law

divorce, property, contracts, etc.

Criminal Law

enforces rights (ex, felony, misdemeanor)

Equity Law

Injunctions/ restraining orders

Administrative Law

IRS, social security, military.

Misdemeanor

Minor crimes (theft, battery, minor assault)

Felony

Big bad crimes (murder, auto theft, fraud).

What must the prosecution prove to convict a suspect in a criminal case?

prove guilt “beyond a reasonable doubt”

Plaintiff?

Person complaining on the prosecution (not the attorney)

No contest Plea

doesn’t deny or accept fault, but receives punishment as if they were guilty.