Unit 3 AP World History

HOW did Ottoman rulers legitimize and consolidate power?

They use the devshirme which forced young boys to go into the military and serve the state.
The boys were put into units called the janissaries.

HOW did Safavid rulers legitimize and consolidate power?

Forced Shi'te Islam, their military unit, Shah Abbas, captured and educated Russian boys converting them to Islam.

HOW did Mughal rulers legitimize and consolidate power?

They used new firearms to enforce their military power. (Add more detail)

HOW did Qing dynasty legitimize and consolidate power?

They legitimized power by reintoducing the civil service exam. This allowed the ruler to select who was able to be apart of the governent.

HOW did Tokugawa Japan legitimize and consolidate power?

They created a military unit, samurais, to demonstrate military strength. They also created Diamyios to centrealize the country as a replacment of power but they never went away.

What methods did the Safavid empire utilitze to expand ther empire?

Was able to because of the Ottoman Janisseries. (add more detail)

What methods did the Ottoman empire utilize to expand their empire?

They created gunpowder which benefited them in battle and most countries were weak and fragmented which also helped.

What methods did the Mughal empire utilize to expand their empire?

They conquered most of India
They used firearms to conquer other empires ( add more detail)

What methods did the Qing dynasty utilize to expand their empire?

They brought nomadic territores under their control and only conquered for secuity reason not economic ones. They utilized powerful technology et accesed resources to expand. (Check if correct)

How did the Ottoman Empire encounter internal rebellions? External conflicts?

The Safavid Empire had a Shia form of Islam while the Ottoman had a Sunni form, which caused fighting between the two. The Ottoman empire sieged Vienna and destroyed the Byzantine Empire.
The Ottomans also massacred many Armenian Christians in their empire.

What methods did the Tokugawa Japan utilize to expand their empire?

They didn't? (Check)

How did the Safavid encounter internal rebellions? External conflicts?

External- Ottoman vs Safavid
Sunni vs Shia Islam
They fought for over 2 centuries

How did the Mughal encounter internal rebellions? External conflicts?

They had a war with the Safavid and the war lasted from 1649-1653 in the territory of modern Afghanistan.
They had rivalries between the other gunpowder empires.

How did the Qing Dynasty encounter internal rebellions? External conflicts?

Rulers sought to keep ethnic distinctiveness by forbidding intermarriage. Treaty of Nerchinsk 'marked boundary between china russia

How did the Tokugawa Japan encounter internal rebellions? External conflicts?

They had internal conflict (idk what) which allowed Europeans to influence their culture, but once unified they viewed Europeans as a threat et banned western culture

HOW was religion in the Ottoman Empire used to maintain and legitimize political authority?

A sunni form of Islam was used to gather soldiers and unify the empire. This form of Islam was a continuation of Turkic tribe of beliefs when confronted with Islam.

HOW was religion used in the Safavid Empire maintain and legitimize political authority?

They believed defeating Sunni muslims was an act of faith, so they grew their Shi'it muslim army.

HOW was religion used in the Mughal Empire to maintain and legitimize political authority?

The religion was Muslim and they were toterate, but Akbar took away taxes on religion.
It also gave rise to Sikiksim.

Economics in the Ottoman Empire

They used tax farming which basically let people buy land but consolidating them with the government.

HOW was religion used in the Tokugawa Japan to maintain and legitimize political authority?

The culture et political system was shaped by Neo-confucianism, Confucianism, Buddhism, et Shintoism.

Economics in the Safavid Empire

Silk Road, Isfan was a major international trading center. They manufactured rugs et textiles.

Economics in the Mughal Empire

It was a tax collecting system where lords collected tribute for the emperor. Zamindars collected the taxes and where allowed to keep a portion of it.
They moved away from the Zamindars and did direct taxes to the government.

Social Structure of the Ottoman empire

Women initally had more rights but as Islam influenced more their rights deteriorated, but court women still had political influence.

Social Structure of the Safavid empire

The hierarchy went Shahs, warrior elites, common people, then peasants, et artisains.

Social Structure of the Mughal empire

Women were held at a low status over all of India. Children were marriage off at a yound age.

Social Structure of the Qing dynasty

Manchu wanted to preserve ethnic identity, so he forbaded intermarriage between Chinese et Manchus. Chinese men were forced to shave front half of their hair as sign of submission. Women were seen as nothing without a husband.

Social Structure of Tokugawa Japan

Confucianism hiearchy went Shogun, Daimyo, Samurais, peasants et marchants. Japanese women could inherit property. Marraiges were easily made et broken. Women began to lose status because of samurai traditions in the 12th century.

How and why did the Ottoman Empire collapse?

They fell due to inflation and a decrease in trade. Lost military power cause them to lose the war against the Safavid.

How and why did Safavid Empire collapse?

Ottoman Empire threat declined
Slacked on keeping up their military
Became complacent and corrupt

How and why did Mughal Empire collapse?

Safavid conquered the fortress city of Kandahar and other cities. The Mughal empire tried to reclaim them but their efforts were unsuccessful.

Political / Military of the Russian Empire

They legitimize their rule through yasak or tributes, but tax breaks let people convert to Christianity.

What methods did the Russian Empire utilize to expand their empire?

They Russified many steppes and Siberia into the Russian state, Peacefully in east, in the west the expansion was more military rivalries and conquering.

How did the Russian Empire encounter internal rebellions? External conflicts?

If people rebel, ruler could kill them, czar could appoint ruler not by birthright.
Also tried to defeat Ottoman Empire but failed

HOW was religion used to maintain and legitimize political authority in the Qing Dynasty?

Confucianism was the major philosophy at the time. It was not really used to legitimize the authority but to reinforce the old traditions

HOW was religion used to maintain and legitimize political authority in the Russian Empire?

Close ties to Orthodox church (Christianity).
Helped secure reign because of these close ties to the church.

Economics of the Qing Dynasty

Land based trade stopped
Urbans states were backwards and impoverished
Nomads were unwelcomed

Economics of the Russian Empire

Taxed per person bias, tax breaks and tributes. Also taxes were based to not have peasants to revolt

How and why did the Qing Dynasty collapse?

Land based trade took a backseat to ocean trade and agriculturalists and pastoralists moved to urban areas densely populated them and became poor.

How and why did the Russian Empire collapse?

Russia continued to stay strong until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 after the cold war.

Ottoman Empire location

North Africa, Southeast Europe, Middle East

Safavid Empire location

Persia

Mughal Empire location

South Asia, covering India

Qing Dynasty China location

China/ Central Asia

Ottoman Empire date

1299-1922

Safavid Empire date

late 1400's - early 1500's

Mughal Empire date

1526-1857

Qing Dynasty China

1644-1911

Tokugawa Japan

1600-1867