chemistry bonding

chemical bonding

the atractive force that acts between two or more atoms to hold them together as a stable molecule

atom

basic unit of matter, the smallest amount of an element

molecule

two or more atoms that are chemically joined together

element

a basic substance that cant be simplified, all atoms have the same proton number

compund

a molecule that contains more than one element

bond energy

is the measure of bond strength in a chemical bond, it is the energy required to break one mole molecules into their individual atoms

bond length

bond distance, is the average distance between nuclei of two bounded atoms in a molecule

electronegativity

is a measure of the attraction of an atom in a molecule for the electron pair in the covalent bond

non-polar covalent

bonding electrons shared equally between 2 atoms, no charges on atoms

polar covalent

unequally shared electrons, partial charges on atoms

ionic bond

complete transition of one or more valence electrons, full charges on resulting

similar electronegativity

will form pure non-polar covalent bonds

different electronegativity

will form polar covalent bond

widely differ electron.

ionic bond

dative covalent bond

type of covalent bond in which both electrons came from the same atom

donor

of lone pair

acceptor

of lone pair it has empty orbital

ionic bonding

the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, electrons are transferred between valence shells of atoms

ionic compounds

made of ions, giant lattice structure made up of positive metal ions and negative usually non metal ions

metallic bonding

lattice of positive ions surrounded by delocalized electrons, electrostatic attraction between positive ions and delocalized electrons

intramolecular forces

forces which act between neighboring molecules, influence the boiling and melting point of a intermolecular substance, the stronger the force the higher the m and b point, hydrogen bond and van der waals forces

van der waals forces

weaker than hydrogen bond, forces between: permanent dipoles(polar molecules), permanent dipole and corresponding included dipole, instantaneously included dipoles(non-polar molecule)

covalent bonding

formed when 2 orbitals overlap,