Animal Cells Flashcards

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to animal cells, including sub-cellular structures and specialised cells.

Cytoplasm

A jelly-like substance containing dissolved nutrients and salts where many chemical reactions happen.

Nucleus

A sub-cellular structure that contains genetic material, which controls cellular activities.

Mitochondria

Sub-cellular structures that contain the enzymes for respiration and is where most energy is released in respiration.

Cell Membrane

A partially permeable structure that surrounds the cell; it controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

DNA

A molecule found in the nucleus of cells and contains the genetic code for making proteins.

Ribosome

Very small sub-cellular structures where protein synthesis takes place.

Specialised Cells

Cells that have a specific structure and function; adapted to be able to carry out their specific function.

Nerve Cells

Transmit electrical impulses throughout the body. Have branched connections called dendrites and a long, thin axon with a myelin sheath.

Red Blood Cells

Carry oxygen around the body for aerobic respiration. Have a biconcave shape and no nucleus.

Sperm Cells

Male sex cells with a tail for swimming, many mitochondria for energy, and an acrosome in the head containing enzymes.

Egg Cells

Female sex cells that are fertilised by sperm cells. They contain lots of nutrients to sustain the early growing embryo.

Ciliated Cells

Line the airways and move mucus up and out of the lungs using tiny hair-like structures called cilia.

Muscle Cells

Contain filaments of protein that can slide to cause muscle contraction and lots of mitochondria to release energy.