HL IB Computer Science

Primitive Type

basic data types inherent to java:

• int for integers

• boolean for true/false values

• double for decimal numbers

• char for single characters

• string for text

Initializing vs Declaring a variable

Declaring a variable means defining its name and type without assigning a value,

while initializing a variable involves assigning a value to it at the time of declaration.

Modulus Operator

written as % or mod and returns the remainder of division between two integers.

Division operator

written as / or div and returns an integer (decimal values are chopped off)

Overflow

When a calculation relies on a number outside the acceptable number range

variable.nextLine/Int/Double()

allows users to input string/int/double values

Class

the template through which objects are creates. formal blueprint for creating objects

Object

variable of a data type that is user defined. every object has a state and behaviour

Instance

A created object with defined attributes

State

the data that is associated with an object or class at a given time

object oriented programming (OOP)

the use of object and class types in programming

concatenation

the process of joining two or more strings together to form a single string. Primitives can be concatenated with string types

Truth Tables

used in logic for comparing boolean expressions

Linear search

an algorithm that searches data sets in a sequential order, checking each value from the 0th index to the end of the data to see what index a specific element can be found at

Selection Sort

a sorting algorithm that swaps the smaller value left in an array with the current index value.

Insertion Sort

A sorting algorithm that shifts the already sorted section of an array to place the current array value in the correct index

Network Protocols

Protocols for sharing data on the internet that define rules and conventions for communication between network devices

Data privacy

the appropriate use of data based on circumstances

data security

the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of data

recursion

an iterative process where a method calls itself

base case

the simplest version of

Binary search

a search that starts at the middle of a sorted array or and eliminates half of the array in teach iteration until the desired value is found or all elements have been eliminated

precondition

assumptions we make about what must be true before a method is called

postcondition

what should be true after a method is called

sequential programming

programs that are executed once through from start to finish without others executing

parallel and distributed programming

completes multiple tasks simultaneously