Bone Tissue

Flashcards on bone tissue and skeletal system based on lecture notes.

Hyaline Cartilage Connective Tissue

Connective tissue found at the end of long and short bones and in the nose and trachea.

Elastic Cartilage Connective Tissue

Connective tissue found in the outer ear and epiglottis.

Fibrocartilage Connective Tissue

Connective tissue found between bones of the knees, in the pubic symphysis, and in intervertebral discs.

Axial Skeleton

Part of the skeleton that includes the skull, vertebra, and ribs.

Appendicular Skeleton

Part of the skeleton that includes the arms, legs, and bones connecting them to the central skeleton.

Long Bones

Bones that are longer than they are wide, such as the humerus.

Flat Bones

Bones that are fairly flat, such as the sternum.

Irregular Bones

Bones that are irregular in shape, such as vertebra.

Short Bones

Bones that are relatively short, such as the talus.

Protection

The function of bone that protects the brain, spinal cord, heart, and lungs.

Support

The function of bone that provides shape to the body.

Movement

The function of bone where bones act as levers for muscles to pull on.

Hematopoiesis

The process of blood formation inside the bone marrow.

Epiphysis

The ends of long bones, filled with spongy bone.

Diaphysis

The shaft of a long bone.

Metaphysis

The area where the epiphysis and diaphysis meet.

Endosteum

Lining that covers the spongy bone on the inside of the marrow cavity.

Periosteum

Connective tissue that covers the outside of the bone.

Articular Cartilage

A nickname for hyaline cartilage when it's found at the ends of long bones.

Osteogenic Cells

Original bone cells that give rise to osteoblasts and osteocytes.

Osteoblasts

Bone building cells that produce collagen.

Osteocytes

Mature bone cells that maintain calcium balance in bone.

Osteoclasts

Large cells that dissolve bone and release calcium.

Osteons

Circular structures in compact bone that contain blood vessels.

Central Canal

The central area of an osteon, containing blood vessels.

Lamellae

Concentric rings within an osteon, containing osteocytes.

Canaliculi

Small canals that connect osteocytes.

Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation from cartilage.

Bone Formation

Bone formation inside the mother's uterus

Growth Plate

The bone between the diaphysis and epiphysis.

Epiphyseal Line

The area replacing the growth plate when bone stops cartilage production after puberty.

proliferation zone

The chondrocytes, excuse me, are actually multiplying

hypertrophic zone

The cells stop multiplying, and the older cells are going to start to enlarge.

calcification calcification zone

These oldest cartilage cells start to die

Intramembranous Ossification

Bone emerges from a sheet of something that is like a dense irregular connective tissue and become flat bones

Role of calcium with bones

Calcium is needed for other parts of the body such as Bones also needs to be strong and flexible, yet we don't have powdered concrete and rebar, yet we do have some things that are similar to that

Nondisplaced and displaced functions

The bone is broken but stays in its original position

Spiral Fractures

occurs during sporting activities where sideways or twisting force is put onto the bone. So the bone here is actually unraveling in a way, and it is called a spiral fracture because the bone is rotated

Green stick fractures

In younger people, we have all all the collagen is in place made by the osteoblasts, but young people are still adding calcium to their bone

hemostasis

stopping of the bleeding