Ethics Test 2

What is eros according to C.S. Lewis?

The state of being in love which entails more than mere sexuality, including infatuation and promises of fidelity.

What are the elements of eros identified by C.S. Lewis?

Appreciative Love, Gift Love, and Need Love.

How does C.S. Lewis differentiate eros from friendship and charity?

Eros is exclusive and does not require virtue, while friendship is open and tied to one's character.

What dangers associated with eros are mentioned by C.S. Lewis?

Treating eros as a god and allowing it to cloud judgment.

Can eros sustain a long-term relationship? Why or why not?

No, because eros alone cannot sustain a relationship; other elements like friendship and charity are needed.

What is the principle of utility according to Jeremy Bentham?

An action is right if it increases happiness and wrong if it increases pain.

What is the relationship between pain, pleasure, and Bentham's principle of utility?

The principle of utility is about maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain for as many people as possible.

What is the naturalistic fallacy, and is Bentham guilty of it?

It assumes something is good because it is natural; Bentham may be guilty because he associates pleasure with goodness.

What does Robert Nozick's experience machine thought experiment suggest about pleasure?

It suggests that people desire authenticity over mere pleasure, critiquing Bentham's focus on pleasure maximization.

What do the Mills argue about the advantages of changing marriage and societal laws for women?

Removing women's disabilities and recognizing them as equals benefits society by enhancing moral education and productivity.

What is the ideal married life according to the Mills?

A partnership of moral and intellectual equals, emphasizing shared affection and the presence of eros.

What is the natural law in the context of Aquinas' philosophy?

The aspect of eternal law that applies to humans, guiding them to act according to reason rather than mere pleasure.

What is charity according to Kierkegaard?

Agape, or the love for others as a duty commanded by God, contrasting with spontaneous love based on feeling.

How does C.S. Lewis define charity?

Charity is a state of being that acts on behalf of another's good, distinct from emotional loves like friendship and eros.

What is the difference between supernatural charity and natural charity?

Supernatural charity is an adoration of God, a grace given by God that transcends need, while natural charity reflects human love.