Implicit Memory and Priming

The memory of a past event can influence our subsequent behavior even in the absence of explicit recall of that episode

Implicit memory

Radiologists and other medical professions who review images, like X-Rays or MRI’s, of specific conditions (e.g. fractures or tumors) can identify those conditions more quickly after repeated exposure is an example of which concept?

Implicit memory

Implicit memory is evidence of mental contents which, even if not consciously accessed, _____________.

influence our behavior

An improvement (e.g, accuracy, latency) in automatic retrieval of a stimulus because of an earlier encounter with it

Repetition priming

Word-Stem Completion

• Given a study list of words

• Given a list of word stems (e.g, TON___)

• "Complete each word-stem with the first word that comes to mind.”

According to repetition priming, word-stems will be completed with ______words if possible

Studied

“Conscious memory” (episodic and semantic), supported by the medial temporal lobes

Declarative Memory System

“Unconscious memory” or implicit memories, supported by the other brain regions besides the medial temporal lobes

Non-Declarative Memory System

____________ lesion patients have no problem with implicit memory tasks

Hippocampal

Based on perceptual information

Data-driven processing

According to Data-driven processing, in word-stem completion the ____ of the word is what makes you fill in the rest of the word stem with the studied words

look

According to Data-driven processing,in graphic cued-recall consciously thinking back to the study list but the __________ of what you studied and what you are tested on matters.

appearance

Based on meaning

Conceptually-Driven Processing

In Free Association saying chair when table is the given word is an example of which processing approach to implicit memory?

Conceptually-Driven Processing

Free Recall (“what words did you study?”), thinking back to the study list, the more you encode meaning the better you do is associated with which processing approach to implicit memory?

Conceptually-Driven Processing

An improvement (e.g., accuracy, latency) in processing of a stimulus because of an earlier encounter with a stimulus that is related in meaning

Semantic Pruning

Given this study set of word-pairs

• Chair - Bread

• House - Fime

• Nurse - Doctor

• Cake - Shoe

Told to decide as fast as they could, whether each pair are both real words

Fastest response for two ______ words, first word ______ the second word

related, primes

• Subjects presented with series of word-pairs, with the first word of each pair briefly flashed and rapidly followed by the second word

  • Classify second word as “good” or “bad” as quickly as possible

  • The first word of each pair (prime word) was positive (e.g., gift, music) or negative (e.g., repulsive, awful)

Fastest for two words of same ______, positive primes positive and negative primes negative

valence

Measures the automatic retrieval of associations

Implicit Associations Test

Participants asked to categorize each target word at the bottom of the screen (e.g., wasp, tulip)

• Ex. Wasp is the target word and asked flower or pleasent OR insect or unpleasant

Could participants more easily pair wasp with flower or pleasent OR insect or unpleasant?

Insect or unpleasant

Participants asked to categorize each target word at the bottom of the screen (e.g., wasp, tulip)

• Ex. Wasp is the target word and asked flower or pleasent OR insect or unpleasant

Results: Participants could more easily pair wasp with insect or unpleasant

What is this an example of?

Implicit Associations Test

Participants asked to categorize each target word at the bottom of the screen (e.g., wasp, tulip)

• Ex. Wasp is the target word and asked flower or pleasent OR insect or unpleasant

Results: Participants could more easily pair wasp with insect or unpleasant

Implicit Associations Test

What do wasp and insect or unpleasant have in common?

Valence