Unit 4 Chemistry Study Set

What are orbitals?

Probability maps of where the electron will be 90% of the time

How many parts are orbitals made up of?

3

What is the first part of orbitals?

The principle quantum number

The higher the principal quantum number,

the more energy is held by electrons in that level

What is the second part of orbitals?

The subshell

How many types of subshells are there?

4

What are the subshell types (the letter)?

s, p, d, and f

T of F: Each type of subshell has a unique shape

True

The elements highlighted in the blue fall under which block?

S block

The elements highlighted in the yellow fall under which block?

D block

The elements highlighted in the pink fall under which block?

P block

The elements highlighted in the green fall under which block?

F block

What is the third part of an orbital?

The number of electrons in the orbital

How is the number of electrons in an orbital shown?

With exponents

Each period on the Periodic Table corresponds to the _______________.

quantum number

How you should you read the Periodic Table to find any element’s electron configuration?

Left to right, top to bottom

When crossing into the d-block when writing electron configurations, what happens to the principal quantum number?

It becomes one less than the actual period the element is in

When crossing into the f-block when writing electron configurations, what happens to the principal quantum number?

It becomes two less than the actual period the element is in

Which family/group on the periodic table can you use as a shortcut for writing electron configurations?

Noble Gases (Group 18)

How do Noble Gas Electron Configurations work?

Place the pervious noble gas in brackets to signify all the electrons up to that point, then write out normally until you reach your desired element

What does an element’s electron configuration show us?

Which electrons are stable and which electrons are most likely to react

Why are noble gases chemically stable?

All their electrons completely fill up their orbitals

In chemical reactions, which electrons are the only electrons lost or gained?

Valence electrons

T or F: Valence electrons are the electrons found within the highest principal quantum number.

True

What is the electron configuration for Nitrogen?

1s²2s²2p³

What is the electron configuration of Gallium?

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰4p¹

What is the Noble Gas electron configuration of Tin?

[Kr]5s²4d¹⁰5p²

What is the Noble Gas electron configuration of Lead?

[Xe]6s²4f¹⁴5d¹⁰6p²

What is atomic size?

The distance between an atom’s outermost electron and its nucleus

What is ionization energy?

The energy required to remove an electron from the atom in the gaseous state

What is metallic character?

How much an element behaves like a metal and loses electrons in chemical reactions

What is electronegativity?

The likelihood of an element to gain an electron

From Helium (very top right corner of Periodic Table) to Francium (very bottom left corner), what direction does Atomic Size’s trend go?

Down

From Helium (very top right corner of Periodic Table) to Francium (very bottom left corner), what direction does Metallic Character’s trend go?

Down

From Helium (very top right corner of Periodic Table) to Francium (very bottom left corner), what direction does Ionization Energy’s trend go?

Up

From Helium (very top right corner of Periodic Table) to Francium (very bottom left corner), what direction does Electronegativity’s trend go?

Up

How can the valence electrons of an element be represented visually (think of structures)?

Lewis structure

What is the Octet Rule?

In chemical bonding, atoms transfer or share electrons to obtain outer shells with eight electrons

Which group/family does the Octet Rule apply to?

Noble Gases/Group 18

What is ionic bonding?

Chemical bonding where electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another

What kind of elements does ionic bonding always occur between?

Metals and nonmetals

What must the overall charge of an ionic formula equal?

0

How do you name ionic formulas?

Positively-charged ion [SPACE] negatively-charged ion + “IDE” ending

What is the formula for aluminum fluoride?

AlF₃

What is the formula for lead (II) bromide?

PbBr₂

What is the formula for scandium (III) oxide?

Sd₂O₃

What is the formula for zinc sulfide?

ZnS

What is the name of the given formula?: FeCl₃

Iron (III) chloride

What is the name of the given formula?: MnBr₂

Manganese bromide

What is the name of the given formula?: Cu₂S

Copper (I) sulfide

What is the name of the given formula?: SnF₄

Tin (IV) fluoride

What is the name of the given formula?: AgH

Silver hydride

What is the name of the given formula?: BaF₂

Barium fluoride

What are some properties of ionic compounds?

High melting point, dissolves in water, conducts electricity

What is covalent bonding?

Chemical bonding where electrons are shared between atoms

What are some properties of covalent compounds?

Low melting point, dissolves in alcohol, does not conduct electricity

What kind of elements does covalent bonding always occur between?

Two or more nonmetals

How do you name covalent compounds?

(PREFIX) Positively-charged ion name [SPACE] (PREFIX) Negatively-charged ion + “IDE” ending

What is the prefix for one?

Mono

What is the prefix of two?

Di

What is the prefix of three?

Tri

What is the prefix of four?

Tetra

What is the prefix of five?

Penta

What is the prefix of six?

Hexa

What is the prefix of seven?

Hepta

What is the prefix of eight?

Octa

What is the prefix of nine?

Nona

What is the prefix of ten?

Deca

What acid name format do elemental anions have?

Hydro______Acid

What acid name format do “ate” polyatomic ions have?

____________ic Acid

What acid name format do “ous” polyatomic ions have?

_____________ous Acid

What is the name for the formula S₆O₂?

Hexasulfur dioxide

What is the name for the formula B₇Cl₅?

Heptaboron pentachloride

What is the name of the formula BCl₃?

Boron trichloride

What is the name of the formula ClO?

Chloride monooxide

What is the formula for the given name?: Nonaphosphorus octachloride

P₉Cl₈

What is the formula for the given name?: Dinitrogen tetroxide

N₂O₄

What is the formula for the given name?: Sodium pentachloride

NaCl₅

What is the formula for the given name?: Trinitrogen monoxide

N₃O

What is the name for the given formula?: Mg(ClO₃)₂

Magnesium chlorate

What is the name for the given formula?: CuC₂H₃O₂

Copper (I) acetate

What is the name for the given formula?: (NH₄)₃PO₄

Ammonium phosphate

What is the formula for scadium (III) carbonate?

SdCO3

What is the formula for potassium phosphate?

K₃PO₄

What is the formula for tin (IV) sulfate?

Sn(SO₄)₂

Name the following acid: HI

Hydroiodic acid

Name the following acid: H₂SO₃

Sulfurousacid

Name the following acid: H₃PO₄

Phosphoric acid