Photon

What word is “photon” derived from?

Ancient Greek φῶς, φωτός (phôs, phōtós)

What type of particle is a photon

an elementary boson particle

Define a quantum.

smallest discrete unit amount of physical quantity (e.g., energy)

What’s an elementary particle?

particle without known substructures; smallest particle that may not be broken any further

What’s a boson particle?

type of particle carrying forces allowing particles to interact

What’s an electromagnetic radiation?

energy travelling as waves/particles through space

What are examples of electromagnetic radiations?

light, X-rays, radiowaves

What’s a force transportator?

particle carrying fundamental force between particlesW

What are examples of force transportators

force carrier, photons for electromagnetism

What’s the wave-particle duality

concept that all quantum object have both wave and particle-like behavior depending on experiment

What are examples of quantum objects?

photons, electrons

From who did modern photon concept come from?

Einstein's first 2 decades as he built Max Planck's concept

Who’s Max Planck?

German physicist

How did Planck solve the Blackbody radiation problem?

that matter and electromagnetic radiation can reach thermal equilibrium

What are atomic oscillators?

oscillator using atoms/molecules' quantized energy levels as resonance's source

What’s thermal equilibrium?

condition when 2 substances in physical contact exchange no heat energy

What results in thermal equilibrim?

due to both having the same temperature

What did Plank’s solution to Blackbody radiation problem suggest?

that energy exchanged by a material's atomic oscillators is made of discrete quanta in blackbody radiation

Who popularized the term “photon”?

Gilbert N. Lewis

What’s the Standard model?

list of all 17-18 elementary particles

What’s a symmetry, in physics?

property where a system stays same in transformation (e.g., rotation/reflection/time shift)

gauge symmetry

type of symmetry where changing some internal fields won't change observable physics; it leads to fundamental forces

Define “momentous”.

crucial

Define condensation.

process of particles transition into more ordered/lower-energy state

Depict the Bose-Einstein condensation.

quantum effect where bosons in very cold very thing gas all occupy same lowest quantum state