✨Mastering A&P - Chapter 24: The Urinary System

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What urinary structure produces the urine filtrate?

kidney

Where are the renal corpuscles found in the kidney?

renal cortex

What part of the kidney acts as a physical barrier to protect the kidney from infections?

renal capsule

What structures in the glomerular capsule interdigitate to form filtration slits?

podocytes

What structure drains the glomerulus?

Efferent arteriole

In what part of the renal tube does most reabsorption of substances occur?

proximal tubule

Which structure plays a critical role in countercurrent exchanger?

vasa recta

Which structure surrounds the proximal and distal tubules?

Peritubular capillaries

Which of the following is NOT a component of the urinary tract?

kidneys

Which of the following is NOT part of the urinary system?

spleen

The right kidney sits ________ to the left kidney due to the position of the liver.

inferior

Urine is transported from kidney to the urinary bladder by the

ureter

Erythropoietin is produced by the kidneys to:

regulate red blood cell production by the bone marrow.

The functional units of the kidneys are:

nephrons

Where does blood in the arcuate artery travel next on its journey toward the glomerulus?

interlobular (cortical radiate) artery

The portion of the renal tubule through which filtrate initially flows is known as the:

proximal tubule

Filtrate traveling through the renal tubule travels from the thick ascending limb to the:

distal tubule

Urine dripping from a renal pyramid passes first into the major calyx then into the minor calyx. True/False?

false

Returning fluid and solutes from filtrate to blood happens via __________.

tubular reabsorption

The process of filtration occurs at the:

renal corpuscle.

Which statement best describes the function of tubular reabsorption?

Tubular reabsorption reclaims items from filtrate and returns them to the blood

Filtrate and whole blood contain identical constituents. True/False?

false

The main force that promotes filtration in a nephron is:

glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP)

Glomerular colloid osmotic pressure (GCOP) is created by:

proteins such as albumin in the blood.

The glomerular filtration rate is defined as:

the amount of filtrate formed by both kidneys in one minute.

What chemical is necessary for the transformation of angiotensin-I (A-I) into active angiotensin-II (A-II)?

angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)

A drug that inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) may lead to:

decreased blood pressure.

How does atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) contribute to a decrease in blood volume and systemic blood pressure?

ANP dilates the afferent arteriole and constricts the efferent arteriole

Most nutrients, such as glucose, are reabsorbed in the __________.

proximal tubule

Which of the following is true about tubular reabsorption?

It involves carrier-mediated transport.

What is coupled with glucose reabsorption using a symporter in the early part of the proximal tubule?

sodium ions

The reabsorption of bicarbonate ions in the proximal tubule helps regulate:

blood pH

The thin descending limb of the nephron loop is permeable to __________.

water

Dilute urine is more likely to be produced when:

the collecting duct is impermeable to water.

Which of the following is controlled voluntarily?

opening of the external urethral sphincter

Voluntary neural control is necessary for:

relaxation of the external urethral sphincter