Chapter 27 - Pulmonary

pnea

to breathe

dyspnea

discomfort in breathing

hemoptysis

coughing up of blood

Eupnea

normal breathing

hyperpnea

increased rate of respirations

cyanosis

desaturated hemoglobin

clubbing

bulbous enlargement of finger/toenails

restrictive lung diseases

loss in compliance of lung tissues

aspiration

fluid/solid in the lungs

Atelectasis

the partial or complete collapse of a lung or a specific lobe of a lung

Compression Atelectasis

external pressures such as fluid, air, blood, or a tumor push against the lung, causing the alveoli to collapse

Absorption Atelectasis

the collapse of alveoli caused by the rapid absorption of trapped gases

bronchiolitis

inflammation of the bronchioles

pulmonary fibrosis

increase in connective tissue in the lung

pulmonary edema

buildup of fluid in the lungs

COPD stands for

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Asthma

chronic inflammation of the bronchial mucosa

Emphysema

loss of elastic recoil

primary emphysema

Genetic deficiency of enzyme alpha-1 antitrypsin

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin

Inhibits elastace, an enzyme that breaks down elastin

Secondary Emphysema

Caused by environmental exposures

Beta Agonists

mimic the effects of adrenaline, relaxing smooth muscles like those in the airways

Anticholinergic Agents

inhibit the parasympathetic nervous system, which relaxes muscles and decreases bodily secretions

Pneumonia

an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs, which can fill with fluid or pus