IAPP 1 - Tissues (Exam 1)

How many phases are there in clinical trials?

4

In this trial phase, a small group of healthy individuals is given a drug. This assesses safety.

Phase 1 in a clinical trial

In this trial phase, the targeted population is tested to check effectivity.

Phase 2 in a clinical trial

In this trial phase, there are many research centers.

Phase 3 in a clinical trial

In this trial phase, testing occurs to evaluate other potential uses of the drug.

Phase 4 in a clinical trial

Which drug development level is tested in humans?

Phase 1

Phase 1 drug testing comes after

In vivo (animal testing)

Which phase in drug testing gets/needs FDA approval?

Phase 3

In a laboratory dish or test tubes; new family of drugs developed using cells in tissue culture

In vitro testing

Muscle, nerve, epithelial, connective

The 4 different primary tissues

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth

3 types of muscle tissue

Which muscle tissues have striations?

Skeletal and cardiac

Which muscle tissue’s contraction is consciously controlled?

Skeletal

How do myocardial cells in cardiac tissue form a continuous fabric?

They are short, branched, and interconnected

Digestive tract, blood vessels, bronchioles, ducts of urinary and reproductive systems

Smooth muscle tissue locations

Which muscle tissue is responsible for peristalsis?

smooth muscle

Skeletal cells are voluntary muscles whereas cardiac cells are non-voluntary muscles that are short and branched

the main difference between skeletal and cardiac muscle tissues

Skeletal muscles are attached to __ by __.

bones, tendons

By characteristic arrangement of contractile proteins

how striations are caused

Which muscle tissue has parallel arrangements?

skeletal muscles

The parallel arrangements of skeletal cells allow for graded muscle contraction which gives?

precise control of movement

The structure responsible for the connection of cardiac cells for transfer of substances.

The structure responsible for coupling cardiac muscle cells together mechanically and electrically.

Intercalated discs

In nervous tissues, where is the metabolic center located?

Cell body of the neuron

What part of the nervous tissue is responsible for connections and input from other neurons?

dendrites

What is the structural support and bind neurons together in the nervous tissue that influence the nourishment and electrical activity of neurons?

Neuroglial cells

What are the three parts of a neuron?

Cell body, dendrites, axon

Squamous cell shape

Flat

What epithelial cell is important for the protection of organs?

Columnar

Cuboidal epithelial tissues have a _ shape

Square

Columnar epithelial tissues have a _ shape

Rectangle

What epithelial tissue has one layer?

Simple epithelial

What epithelial tissue has two or more layers?

Stratified epithelial

What epithelial membrane induces a polarity to the cells of the epithelial membrane?

Basement membrane

The top portion of the basement membrane

Apical

The bottom portion of the basement membrane

Basal

Long proteins that cross membranes to connect two environments

Integrins

Made up of layers of proteins and polysaccharides attached to the underlying connective tissue below the epithelial mebrane

Basement membrane

The portion of the epithelial tissue that doesn’t allow any communication

Tight junction (zonula occludens)

The portion of the epithelial tissue that allows some exchange of communication

Belt desmosomes (zonula adherens)

How many different subunits of collagen exist in the basal membrane?

6

A syndrome that is a genetic disorder of collagen subunit that can result in damage to the kidney glomeruli causing kidney failure

Alport syndrome

A syndrome that causes the collagen of the glomeruli and lungs to be attacked by the person’s own antibodies which could lead to both lung and kidney disease

Goodpasture’s syndrome

Detects collagen syndrome

Exfoliated cytology (microscopic examination)

Steps of the scientific method

Hypothesis

The group subject to testing conditions

Experimental group

The 3 types of acini

Simple tubular - linear

Simple acinar - round and squeezing the contents to the outside

Simple branched acinar - more than one squeezing the contents to the outside

The two types of sweat glands

Eccrine and apocrine

The sweat gland responsible for thermoregulation, secretion of a salty solution, and evaporation to cool the skin

Eccrine sweat gland