Transport Across Cell Membranes

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21 Terms

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solute

A substance that is dissolved in a solution.

<p>A substance that is dissolved in a solution.</p>
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solvent

The liquid that the solute is dissolved in.

<p>The liquid that the solute is dissolved in.</p>
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concentration

A measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent.

<p>A measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent.</p>
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concentration gradient

The difference in concentration of a substance on two sides of a membrane

<p>The difference in concentration of a substance on two sides of a membrane</p>
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diffusion

Movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

<p>Movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.</p>
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equilibrium

The point at which there is no net movement of particles across a membrane. The particles are equally distant from each other.

<p>The point at which there is no net movement of particles across a membrane. The particles are equally distant from each other.</p>
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osmosis

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from hypotonic to hypertonic concentrations.

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isotonic

When the concentration of two solutions is the same.

<p>When the concentration of two solutions is the same.</p>
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hypotonic

In comparing two solutions, referring to the one with a lower solute concentration. (higher water concentration).

<p>In comparing two solutions, referring to the one with a lower solute concentration. (higher water concentration).</p>
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hypertonic

In comparing two solutions, referring to the one with a greater solute concentration. (lower water concentration).

<p>In comparing two solutions, referring to the one with a greater solute concentration. (lower water concentration).</p>
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facilitated diffusion

Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels.

<p>Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels.</p>
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active transport

The movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy.

<p>The movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy.</p>
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endocytosis

A process in which a cell engulfs extracellular material through an inward folding of its plasma membrane.

<p>A process in which a cell engulfs extracellular material through an inward folding of its plasma membrane.</p>
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phagocytosis

The process by which a cell engulfs solid substances (food, bacteria, etc.)

<p>The process by which a cell engulfs solid substances (food, bacteria, etc.)</p>
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pinocytosis

process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment.

<p>process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment.</p>
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exocytosis

Moving of molecules out of the cell using active transport.

<p>Moving of molecules out of the cell using active transport.</p>
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phospholipid

A lipid that contains a phosphate group and that makes up the structure of cell membranes.

<p>A lipid that contains a phosphate group and that makes up the structure of cell membranes.</p>
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phospholipid bilayer

A double layer of phospholipids that makes up cell and organelle membranes.

<p>A double layer of phospholipids that makes up cell and organelle membranes.</p>
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hydrophobic

"Water-fearing"; molecules (or parts of molecules) that do not dissolve in water. (Example - lipid tails of phospholipids)

<p>"Water-fearing"; molecules (or parts of molecules) that do not dissolve in water. (Example - lipid tails of phospholipids)</p>
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hydrophilic

"Water-loving;" molecules that can dissolve in water. Example: phosphate heads of phospholipids.

<p>"Water-loving;" molecules that can dissolve in water. Example: phosphate heads of phospholipids.</p>
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transport/channel protein

Cell membrane protein that helps particles pass from one side of the membrane to the other.

<p>Cell membrane protein that helps particles pass from one side of the membrane to the other.</p>