Solid Waste Management & RA 9003 Lecture – Fill-in-the-Blank Flashcards

50 English fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering solid-waste definitions, classifications, hazardous characteristics, the 5Rs, and key points of RA 9003.

is made up of objects or particles that accumulate on-site, unlike water-borne (water) wastes and airborne wastes that are carried away.

Solid waste

The three main ways to classify solid waste are by __, composition, and hazard level.

source

includes non-hazardous items like food scraps and paper, but hazardous items such as batteries require careful handling.

Residential waste

is generated from establishments such as stores, restaurants, markets, hotels, and auto-repair shops (or similar commercial facilities).

Commercial waste

can come from chemical plants, cement factories, and thermal power plants.

Industrial waste

mainly consists of paper, plastic, and glass generated from schools, offices, prisons, and other public or administrative buildings.

Institutional waste

can include street sweepings, abandoned vehicles, household garbage, and construction debris.

Municipal solid waste (MSW)

the second most common form, often consists of spoiled food grains, crop residues, and litter (animal or farm litter).

Agricultural waste

is produced by medical facilities such as clinics, hospitals, and pharmacies.

Biomedical waste

commonly contains earth, concrete, bricks, lumber, steel, and roofing (or plumbing/electrical) materials.

Construction & demolition waste

may contain dangerous substances like heavy metals that can cause acid (or alkaline) drainage.

Mining waste

can be turned into nutrient-rich compost under controlled decomposition.

Organic/biodegradable waste

remains in the environment for long periods but is often recyclable.

Inorganic/non-biodegradable waste

reduces the need for extracting new raw materials.

Recyclable waste

Hazardous waste is identified by four key characteristics abbreviated as T, I, R, and C, where T stands for __.

toxic

In the TIRC characteristics of hazardous waste, I stands for __.

ignitable

In the TIRC characteristics, R stands for __.

reactive

In the TIRC characteristics, C stands for __.

corrosive

Toxic wastes can include pesticides, mercury, and __-based materials.

lead

Reactive wastes may explode or release toxic fumes when mixed with __.

water (or other chemicals)

Ignitable wastes can catch fire at temperatures below __ °C.

60

Corrosive wastes include strong acids such as __ acid.

hydrochloric

The 5Rs of sustainable waste management are Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Recovery, and __ Management.

Residual

The first step of the 5Rs urges us to __ or prevent products we do not need.

refuse

The second step of the 5Rs encourages us to __ the use of harmful or wasteful materials.

reduce

The third step of the 5Rs reminds us to __ materials whenever possible before recycling.

reuse

Collecting, sorting, and transforming waste into new products is known as __.

recycling

Material recovery often involves composting biodegradable wastes such as __ scraps.

food (or garden)

Energy recovery converts non-recyclable waste into energy through incineration, biogas, or __-to-Energy technologies.

Waste

that cannot be reduced, reused, recycled, or recovered is usually disposed of in sanitary landfills.

Residual waste

RA 9003 is formally called the Ecological __ Waste Management Act of 2000.

Solid

One objective of RA 9003 is to protect __ health and the environment.

public

At the national level, RA 9003 implementation is overseen by the DENR and the __.

NSWMC (National Solid Waste Management Commission)

Local government units must set up __ Recovery Facilities (MRFs) for segregated waste.

Materials

Under RA 9003, littering can result in fines ranging from ₱__ to ₱1,000.

300

Establishing or operating an open dump may incur a first-offense fine of ₱__ plus 5–10 % of net income.

500,000

A key challenge of RA 9003 is poor implementation at the __ government (LGU) level.

local

Insufficient funding hampers the construction of waste facilities and __ landfills.

sanitary

Clustering of LGUs is suggested so they can share __ engineered facilities.

waste (or sanitary)

Enhanced information, education, and communication (IEC) __ aim to boost public awareness.

campaigns

Solid waste can be classified by source, composition, and __ level.

hazard

Organic waste naturally decomposes through __ or fungal action.

bacterial

Non-biodegradable waste examples include plastics, glass, metals, rubber, and __.

Styrofoam (certain packaging)

Recyclable waste examples include paper, cardboard, metals, glass, and certain __.

plastics

Ignitable waste examples include gasoline, solvents, alcohol, and oil-soaked __.

rags

Designing systems to avoid creating waste from the start is known as __ waste.

preventing (or waste prevention)

The refuse step urges consumers to avoid single-use __.

plastics

Recycling conserves natural resources and __.

energy