Chemistry: Significant Figures, Density, Atomic Structure, and Radiation

How many significant figures are in 3.95?

a. 3

b. 2

c. 5

d. 4

a

Which has 6.019445 rounded correctly to three significant figures?

a. 6.0255

b. 6.02

c. 6.0

d. 6.025

b

Which has 24.7369 rounded correctly to three significant figures?

a. 24.747

b. 25.0

c. 24.74

d. 24.7

d

What is the density of a metal if the mass is 18.4 g and the volume is 1.75 mL?

a. 10.5 g/mL

b. 2.70 g/mL

c. 20.2 g/mL

d. 0.0951 g/mL

a

What is the mass of a sample of gold that has a density of 19.3 g/mL and a volume of 1.75 mL?

a. 33.8 g

b. 338. g

c. 3.38 g

d. 0.0518 g

a

What is the volume of a sample of zinc that has a density of 7.14 g/mL and a mass of 19.5 g?

a. 0.140 mL

b. 0.273 mL

c. 2.73 mL

d. 273. mL

c

On which device(s) did you install Graphical Analysis?

a. Computer and Smartphone

b. Computer

c. Smartphone

d. I have not done this

c

How many different times will your lab sheets need to go to the instructor?

a. After every measurement with a ruler.

b. Never

c. Three- once at the end of each Part.

d. Once at the very end

c

The metals used in the lab are all colored tan in the background of the periodic table. They are considered metals that are stable at can exist as pure metals. Match the names of the metals to the symbols on the periodic table. (The Latin names are added in parentheses as hints)

a. Nickel

b. Tin (stannous)

c. Zinc

d. Iron (ferrum)

e. Copper (cuprum)

f. Aluminum

a. Ni

b. Sn

c. Zn

d. Fe

e. Cu

f. Al

Which device is used to measure mass?

graduated cylinder

a. caliper

b. ruler

c. electronic balance

c

Which is the correct equation for density?

a. D = m / v

b. D = m x v

c. D x m = v

d. D = v / m

a

Which is an objective for the lab?

a. Estimate the thickness of a stainless steel frying pan to the nearest inch.

b. Determine the density of the gas Neon.

c. Report measurements and calculations by rounding up the last number that appears on the calculator.

d. Determine the density of an object in two ways - with a ruler and with a caliper to measure length.

d

Which term refers to a combination of materials that is not evenly mixed?

a. element

b. compound

c. homogeneous mixture

d. heterogeneous mixture

d

Which refers to the positively charged particle that exists in the nucleus?

a. isotope

b. neutron

c. electron

d. proton

d

How many neutrons are in magnesium (Mg) with an atomic mass of 24?

a. 144

b. 6

c. 12

d. 24

c

How many electrons are in magnesium (Mg) with an atomic mass of 24?

a. 12

b. 36

c. 11

d. 24

a

How many protrons are in magnesium (Mg) with an atomic mass of 24?

a. 24

b. 12

c. 36

d. 11

b

What is the number of neutrons in an isotope of lead (Pb) with a mass of 207?

a. 126

b. 82

c. 125

d. 124

c

What is the correct combination of particles in an isotope of oxygen (O) with a mass of 16?

a. 8 protons, 7 neutrons, and 8 electrons

b. 7 protons, 8 neutrons, and 7 electrons

c. 8 protons, 8 neutrons, and 8 electrons

d. 8 protons, 9 neutrons, and 8 electrons

c

What is the correct charge in an ion of calcium (Ca) with 18 electrons and a mass of 40?

a. positive 1

b. positive 3

c. negative 2

d. positive 2

d

How many total atoms are in the formula H2O?

a. 3

b. 4

c. 2

d. 1

a

Match the terms (polar, non-polar)

a. Diatomic gas molecule (same two atoms)

b. Displays symmetry

c. Asymmetric; liquid

a. Non-polar

b. Non-polar

c. Polar

Which is NOT a type of radiation?

a. Epsilon

b. Delta

c. Alpha

d. Gamma

a

Match the radiation type to the particle

a. Pure energy

b. Produces a proton and loses an electron

c. Can be stopped by an Aluminum plate

d. Can be stopped by paper

e. Loses two protons and four units of mass

a. Gamma

b. Beta

c. Beta

d. Alpha

e. Alpha

What is the correct mass of Pb (lead) if it is formed by alpha decay from a Po (Polonium) isotope with a mass of 211?

a. 207

b. 211

c. 210

d. 209

a

What is the mass of a Bi (Bismuth) isotope formed from beta decay of Pb (Lead) with a mass of 210?

a. 206

b. 214

c. 212

d. 210

d

What element is present if Ba (Barium) 138 emits an alpha particle?

a. I

b. Pb

c. Cs

d. Xe

d

Radioactive decay of alpha and beta particles is called nuclear __A__, while the Sun is theorized to produce energy by __B__. (fission, fusion)

a. Fission

b. Fusion

What would be the mass and atomic symbol of the element Am (Americium)- 243 after gamma decay?

a. Pb-207

b. U-238

c. Am -243

d. Rn-222

c

Match the lab material to the radiation type it mostly emits:

a. Strontium-90

b. Cobalt-60

c. Polonium-210

a. Beta

b. Gamma

c. Alpha

The decay of cesium-137 to barium-137 is initially which type of radiation?

a. alpha

b. solar

c. fusion

d. beta

d

Which part uses the Data Collection of Time Units in minutes, rate to 2 samples/minute, and an End of 15 minutes?

a. Part 1

b. Part 3

c. Part 2

d. Part 4

b

Place these in order from weakest to strongest attractive force between particles of a substance.

a. Gas

b. Solid

c. Liquid

acb

What is the correct phrase to express the pressure equation?

a. Pressure equals force per area

b. Pressure equals force regardless of area

c. Pressure equals area per force

d. Pressure equals force multiplied by area

a

Match the Principle to the Definition (Bernoulli's Principle, Pascal's Principle, Archimedes' Buoyancy Principle)

a. As the speed of a fluid increases the pressure within the fluid decreases.

b. A pressure applied to a fluid is equal in all directions

c. The force acting on a floating object is equal to its weight.

a. Bernoulli's Principle

b. Pascal's Principle

c. Archimedes' Buoyancy Principle

Hydraulics, or the use of a fluid to lift or raise heavy objects such as cars, is an example of which principle?

a. Pascal's

b. Bernoulli's

c. Newton's

d. Archimedes' Buoyancy

a

Which is true of Ideal Mechanical Advantage of 1?

a. The force are equal and the distances are both different on both sides of a fluid-filled hydraulic lift.

b. The product of a force and the distance are both greater on the effort or input side of a fluid-filled hydraulic lift.

c. The product of a force and the distance are both greater on the resistance or output side of a fluid-filled hydraulic lift.

d. The product of a force and the distance are equal on both sides of a fluid-filled hydraulic lift.

d

Which object represents the hydraulic piston?

a. Meter stick

b. Beaker

c. Water

d. Plastic syringe

d

Which is the correct fluid used in the lab and explanation for using it?

a. Air because it is clear and easy to read the numerical measurement scale to be precise.

b. Water because it is easy to see if it leaks out of the system.

c. Air because it can be compressed and can fill a smaller space in the other syringe.

d. Water because it applies equal force in every direction.

d

Which is an ideal mechanical advantage of 1?

a. Distance input 10.0 cm and distance output 15.0 cm

b. Distance input 10.0 cm and distance output 20.0 cm

c. Distance input 15.0 cm and distance output 10.0 cm

d. Distance input 10.0 cm and distance output 10.0 cm

d

Why should care be taken in slowly lowering the mass into the overflow can?

a. Prevent rust or corrosion.

b. Take up valuable time.

c. Keep the water from splashing in order to measure volume with precision.

d. The mass of these objects will change if they get wet because they absorb water when submerged quickly.

c

Which pair of objects are expected to float in the overflow can in Part B?

a. cork and rubber stopper

b. wood and cork

c. film canister and graduated cylinder

d. wood and rock

b

What is the function of selecting zero on the sensor?

a. Measuring the tensile strength of the string that it can withstand without tearing

b. Start time at 0.0 seconds

c. Convert mL of water to grams

d. Negate the weight of the string holding the object.

d

What happens to the solids in water?

a. Substances that have names that begin with the letter "s" always dissolve and become electrolytes.

b. They disappear because like snow, white solids that melt become clear liquids.

c. They disappear so the atoms no longer exist.

d. They disappear because water molecules attract the particles more than they attract themselves and remain a visible solid.

d

What typically happens when an cup of water is inverted?

a. It freezes to a large cube of ice.

b. It pours out toward the ground because of gravity.

c. It decays into alpha, beta, and gamma particles and disappears.

d. It boils and evaporates.

b

Which is not keeping the water in the inverted jar?

a. gravity

b. atmospheric pressure

c. cohesion

d. adhesion

a

Which causes the petroleum ether to boil?

a. water vapor in the room (high humidity) makes it easier to boil all liquids

b. the boiling chip is dissolving and lowering the boiling point

c. reduced air pressure allows a liquid to vaporize into a gas more easily

d. a magnifying lens behind the beaker makes it appear to bubble and boil but it is an illusion

c

What characteristic(s) of water is caused by the polarity of it bonds?

a. Its high surface tension, adhesion, and cohesion.

b. All of these.

c. Its high boiling point. (Higher than petroleum ether that worked well boiling at reduced air pressure).

d. Its ability to dissolve substances that have positive and negative charges.

b

Demo 1D: How is Pascal's Principle correctly described as the spheres are difficult to separate?

a. Because the air is warmer in the room and cooler when the air is removed from the sphere it holds together like a sealed food jar lid.

b. The area of the rim of the spheres is small so it requires a large force if there is any air pressure.

c. Once the air pressure in the sphere is reduced it holds together by the suction of the halves.

d. The air pressure is equal around all sides of the sphere and is greater than the air pressure exerted on the inside on the sphere. That force resists separating the spheres.

d

Demo 1E: Which has the greater total volume?

a. wind bag

b. windbag and party balloon have the same volume

c. party balloon

a

Demo 1E: What is the best explanation for the air filling the windbag?

a. Warmed air at the opening increases the air pressure around the opening to allow atmospheric pressure to assist in filling the bag with air.

b. Moving air at the opening increases the air pressure around the opening to allow atmospheric pressure to assist in filling the bag with air.

c. Moving air at the opening builds static electricity around the opening to attract air molecules and assist in filling the bag with air.

d. Moving air at the opening reduces the air pressure around the opening to allow atmospheric pressure to assist in filling the bag with air.

d

Demo 1F: What is a correct explanation for the ball floating?

a. The fast moving air holds small sand particles that keep hitting the ball and keeping it afloat.

b. Reduced air pressure as the air speeds around the ball allows standard atmospheric pressure to support the ball- even floating against gravity.

c. The stream of air makes the ball spin even though clear fishing line holds it up from the ceiling.

d. Increased air pressure as the air speeds around the ball allows standard atmospheric pressure to spin the ball- even floating against gravity.

b

Match the principle to the Demo name and #

a. 1F Floating Ball

b. 1E Windbag

c. 1D Magdeburg Sphere

a. Archimede’s Buotancy Principle

b. Bernoulli's Principle

c. Pascal's Principle

What combinations will be measured for a sample of air in Lab 1G?

a. pressure vs volume, pressure vs number, and pressure vs force

b. pressure vs time, pressure vs number, and pressure vs temperature

c. pressure vs volume, pressure vs number, and pressure vs temperature

d. pressure vs volume, pressure vs area, and pressure vs temperature

c

Which object and explanation are correct when used as the sealed container in Part 3?

a. An Erlenmeyer flask is used because it has a greater volume and the capacity to handle temperature changes.

b. An Erlenmeyer flask is used because it is heavy and can handle being heated.

c. A plastic syringe is used because it has a smaller volume and no capacity to handle temperature changes.

d. An Erlenmeyer flask is used because it is clear and easy to see through.

a