Study Guide for Music Exam 2: Baroque to Classical Periods

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28 Terms

1

Baroque Period

Period from 1600 to 1750 characterized by love of drama, religious intensity, and grandiose dimensions.

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2

Patronage system

System where composers had to please patrons, prevalent in both classical and Baroque periods.

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3

Improvisation

Spontaneous creation of music, important in Baroque music.

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4

Homophony

Musical texture where one melody predominates, used in Baroque music but polyphony predominates.

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5

Polyphony

Musical texture consisting of multiple independent melodies, predominating in Baroque music.

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6

Metrical rhythm

Steady and metric rhythm in music, typically in 2/4, 3/4, or 4/4 time.

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7

Motor Rhythm

A rhythmic pattern that creates a sense of forward motion in music.

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8

Major/minor keys

The system of tonal organization that became predominant in Baroque music.

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9

Terraced dynamics

A style of dynamics in music where volume levels shift abruptly rather than gradually.

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10

Oratorio

Lengthy work for voices and orchestra, new in the Baroque era, consisting of recitatives, choruses, and arias.

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11

Recitatives

Expressive vocal passages in oratorio that follow natural speech rhythm and are sparsely accompanied.

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12

Aria

Fully accompanied vocal solo in oratorio, cantata, or opera, reacting to the action of the drama.

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13

Chorale

Hymn for Lutheran Church.

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14

Cantata

A shorter work than an oratorio, containing recitatives, choruses, and arias, performed in worship service.

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15

Opera

A play that is sung throughout, including voices, roles, libretto, staging, costumes, and scenery.

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16

Dido and Aeneas

An opera by Henry Purcell, featuring Dido's Lament, an aria.

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17

Ostinato

A repeated musical phrase or rhythm, also called ground bass.

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18

The Suite

A collection of stylized dance music, usually written for keyboard instruments.

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19

Sonata

An instrumental work for one or a few instruments.

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20

Concerto Grosso

A composition contrasting a small group of soloists with a large group, typically in three movements.

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21

Fugue

A musical form characterized by imitative polyphony, featuring a subject and countersubject.

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22

Toccata

A virtuoso keyboard work that is highly dramatic.

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23

Classical Period

Period from 1750 to 1820 marked by simplification of Baroque complexity and the predominance of homophony.

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24

Sonata Form

A structured musical form typically consisting of exposition, development, and recapitulation.

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25

The Classical Symphony

Usually contains four movements with tempos Fast-Slow-Slow-Fast.

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26

Double exposition

In a concerto, the exposition is repeated with the soloist playing the second time.

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27

Cadenza

An unaccompanied soloist improvisation on themes from the movement.

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28

Rondo form

A musical form characterized by the return of a theme at least two times, often structured as A B A C A.

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