BT1: PAINTS AND COATINGS

Paint

solution of a pigment in water, oil, or organic solvent, used to cover wood or metal articles either for protection or for appearance

architectural paints

air drying materials applied by brush or spray to arch. and structural surfaces and forms for decorative and protective purposes

commercial paints

air-drying or baking-cured materials applied by brush, spray, or magnetic agglomeration to kitchen and laundry appliances, automobile, machinery, and furniture and used as highway marking materials

Industrial Paints

used as corrosion-resistant coatings and high temperature coating

pigment

gives the paint a color

gives consistency, ease of application
drying ability
durability
hardness

vehicle

pigment dispersed before being applied to a surface to control consistency, adhesion, gloss and durability

binder

makes the coat of paint retain its structure; bonds to the surface

solvent

dissolves paint to make it usable and workable

primer

basecoats applied to surface to improve adhesion of subsequent coats

sealer

basecoats to reduce absorption of subsequent coats, prevent bleeding

oil paints

utilize drying oil that oxidizes to form a tough elastic film exposed to thin layer of air

alkyd paints

have alkyd resin as a blinder; made from chemically modified soy or linseed oil

latex paints

binder and acrylic resin that coalesces as water evaporates from the emulsion

epoxy paints

have epoxy resin as binder for increased resistance to corrosion, abrasion, and chemicals

rust inhibiting primers

with anti-corrosive pigments to prevent/reduce corrosion

fire-retardant paints

has silicone and polyvinyl chloride to reduce flame of combustible material

heat-resistant paints

has silicone resin to withstand high temperatures

intumescent coatings

swells to form a thick insulating layer of inert foam when exposed to heat or fire that retards flame spread and combustion

by brush
by spray
by roller

application of paint

blistering

bubbles resulting from localized loss of adhesion and lifting of the paint film from the underlying surface

blocking

undesirable sticking together of two painted surfaces when pressed together (e.g., a door sticking to the jamb)

burnishing

increase in gloss or sheen of paint film when subjected to rubbing, scrubbing or having an object brush up against it.

cracking/flaking

splitting of a dry paint film through at least one coat as a result of aging, which ultimately will lead to complete failure of the paint. In Its early stages, the problem appears as hairline cracks; In Its later stages, flaking occurs

Foaming/Cratering

formation of bubbles (foaming) and resulting small, round concave depressions (cratering) when bubbles break in a paint film, during paint application and drying

lapping

appearance of a denser color or increased gloss where wet and dry layers overlap during paint application

mildew

black, grey or brown spots or areas on the surface of paint or caulk

mud cracking

deep, irregular crack resembling dried mud in dry paint film

sagging

downward "drooping" movement of the paint film immediately after application, resulting in a uneven coating

surfactant leaching

concentration of water soluble ingredients on the surface of a latex paint, typically on a ceiling surface in rooms that have high humidity (e.g., shower, bathroom, kitchen); may be evident as tan or brown spots or areas, and can sometimes be glossy, soapy or sticky

wrinkling (interior)

a rough, crinkled paint surface, which occurs when uncured paint forms a "skin"

poor print resistance

tendency of paint film to take on the imprint of an object that is placed on it (e.g., a shelf, table, window sill or countertop with books, dishes and other objects of them)

alligatoring

patterned cracking in the surface of the paint film resembling the regular scales of an alligator

chalking

formation of fine powder on the surface of the paint film during weathering, which can cause color fading. Although some degree of chalking is a normal, desirable way for a paint film to wear, excessive film erosion can result in heavy chalking

dirt pickup

accumulation of dirt, dust particles and/or other debris on the paint film; may resemble mildew

Efflorescence / Mottling

Crusty, white salt deposits, leached from mortar or masonry as water passes through it.

frosting

a white, salt-like substance on the paint surface. Frosting can occur on any paint color, but It is less noticeable on white paint or light tints. On masonry, It can be mistakes for efflorescence

Paint Incompatibility

Loss of adhesion where many old coats of alkyd or oil-based paint received a latex top coat

peeling

loss of paint due to poor adhesion

poor alkali resistance

color loss and overall determination of paint film on fresh masonry

poor galvanized metal adhesion

paint that has lost its adhesion to a galvanized metal substrate

vinyl siding warp

warping or buckling of vinyl siding panels that have been repainted

wrinkling (exterior)

a rough, crinkled paint surface occurring when paint forms "skin"

stains

a solution of dye or suspension of pigment in a vehicle, applied to penetrate and color a wood surface without obscuring the grain

water stain

a penetrating stain made by dissolving dye in a water vehicle

spirit stain

penetrating stain made by dissolving dye in an alcohol or spirit vehicle

pigmented stain

also called opaque stain; an oil stain containing pigments capable of obscuring the grain and texture of a wood surface

oil stain

made by dissolving dye or suspending pigment in a drying oil or oil varnish vehicle

varnish

a liquid preparation of a resin dissolved in oil or in alcohol that when spread and allowed to dry, forms a hard, lustrous and transparent coating

alkyd varnish

the standard all-purpose interior variety with decent protective qualities

polyurethane varnish

varnish of exceptionally hard, abrasion and chemical-resistant varnish made from plastic resin

spar varnish

or marine varnish; it is a durable. Weather-resistant varnish rnade from durable resins and linseed or tung oil

lacquer varnish

refers to any of various clear or colored synthetic coatings of nitrocellulose or other cellulose derivative dissolved in a solvent that dries by evaporation to form a high gloss film; has moderate water resistance, but it's sensitive to heat and certain solvents

shellac varnish

spirit varnish made by dissolving purified lac flakes in denatured alcohol

previously painted surfaces

1.1. Scrape off loose paint and sand smooth
1.2. Remove old and fading paint to provide adhesion for the new new coats of paint
1.3. Nail back any loose boards and counter sink the nail heads and fill with putty

new wood exteriors

2.1. Surface must be clean and dry
2.2. Sand rough spots
2.3. All new wood surfaces must be primed
2.4. Putty and fill all holes and cracks after the prime coat has been dried
2.5. Caulk joints around door and window frames

interior surfaces

3.1. Surfaces must be clean and free of wax, dirt and grease
3.2. Repair with patching plaster all cracks and holes
3.3. Spot prime patched areas
3.4. Sand old surfaces

metal surfaces

4.1. All surfaces must be clean and dry. Remove oil and grease with paint thinner or mineral spirits
4.2. Remove any rust or loose paint by wire brushing or sand blasting. Bare spots on shop-coated steel and spot prime