Science 4th Unit

Cell Division

is the process by which two new cells, known as daughter cells are created when one parent divides.

Interphase

is a generic term describing three major phases: growth phase 1 (G1), DNA synthesis (S), and growth phase 2 (G2. During interphase, a cell develops, undergoes regular life functions, and gets ready to split.

Growth phase (G1)

a cell goes through rapid expansion and carries out its regular tasks throughout this phase.

G0 phase

is a resting phase, the cell has exited the cycle and has ceased to divide.

Synthesis phase (S)

dividing cells leave G, and move into the Synthesis phase (S).

Growth phase 2 (G2)

a shortened growth phase known as the second gap or growth phase is when many organelles are generated or replicated.

Meiosis

results in daughter cells that are genetically distinct from the parent cells containing just half as much of the same DNA as the resulting cells of mitosis

Mitosis

creates two genetically identical daughter cells from a single parent cell.

Prophase

chromosomes, which contain genetic information, condense and prepare to attach to the spindle a cellular machine that moves chromosomes during cell division

prometaphase

the nuclear membrane, a structure that typically contains chromosomes, breaks apart. Then, the chromosomes attach to the strong, hollow spindle fibers

Metaphase

the chromosomes align along the spindle’s center

Anaphase

chromosomes pull apart and move toward the spindle’s poles, which also moves apart

Telophase

new nuclear envelopes form around the two separated sets of chromosomes

Cytokinesis

the cells divide

Prophase 1

chromosomes pair up in homologous pairs and involves a crossing-over mechanism

Metaphase 1

homologous pairs align along the spindle’s center

Anaphase 1

homologous chromosomes separate towards opposite poles

Telophase 1

the nuclear membranes form, then, the cytokinesis begins and produces two cells