Musculoskeletal, Neurological, and Pediatric Outcome Measures

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering musculoskeletal, neurological, pediatric, and balance/mobility outcome measures from the lecture notes.

Functional Movement Screen (FMS)

A tool used to identify imbalances in mobility and stability during fundamental movement patterns to identify deficiencies and develop corrective exercise programs for injury prevention.

Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS)

A self-report questionnaire used to evaluate impairment, monitor progress, and set functional goals for patients with lower extremity musculoskeletal conditions.

Knee to Wall Test

A measure used to assess ankle dorsiflexion ROM by measuring the distance in centimeters ($cm$) between the big toe and the wall when the knee touches the wall without the heel lifting.

Hand Dynamometry

A tool used to measure isometric grip force.

Upper Extremity Functional Index (UEFI)

A self-report questionnaire used to evaluate the level of difficulty in performing ADLs for patients with an upper extremity musculoskeletal condition.

Disability Arm Shoulder Hand (DASH)

A self-report questionnaire that evaluates the amount of disability in the upper extremities and monitors changes in function over time.

Hip Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS)

A self-report questionnaire for people with hip disability that assesses ADLs, functional mobility, life participation, pain, QOL, and seating.

Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS)

A self-report questionnaire for people with knee disability assessing knee-related QOL, ADLs, sport and recreation function, symptoms, and pain.

Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire

A self-report questionnaire measuring disability in patients with mild to moderate disability due to acute or chronic low back pain.

Oswestry Disability Index

A self-report questionnaire that assesses symptoms and severity of low back pain for patients with severe disability.

Neck Disability Index

A self-report questionnaire about neck pain related to areas such as personal care, lifting, reading, headaches, concentration, and driving.

McGill Pain Questionnaire

A self-report questionnaire that provides detailed information regarding a patient's chronic pain.

Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPR)

A subjective self-report rating of pain intensity on a scale where $0$ represents no pain and $10$ represents extreme pain.

Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)

A self-report rating where a patient uses a graph or scale to mark their current pain intensity level.

Manual Muscle Test (MMT)

Graded muscle testing used to monitor changes in muscle strength over time.

Goniometry

The measurement of joint ROM used to monitor change over time.

Circumferential Measurement

A measurement of the swelling or edema present in a specific body area.

McMaster Toronto Arthritis Patient Preference Disability Questionnaire (MACTAR)

An interview-based questionnaire that monitors changes in rheumatoid arthritis disease activity based on impaired activities selected by the patient.

EuroQoL - 5D (EQ-5D)

A health state questionnaire evaluating quality of life across five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression.

Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ)

An assessment for rheumatoid arthritis focusing on categories like dressing, eating, and walking, scored on a scale from $0$ (no difficulty) to $3$ (cannot be done).

Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS)

A self-report questionnaire measuring the severity of fatigue and its impact on a person's activities and lifestyle.

Barthel Index

A questionnaire assessing the ability of an individual with a neuromuscular or musculoskeletal disorder to care for him/herself.

Box and Block Test

An assessment of unilateral gross motor manual dexterity involving moving $2.5\,cm$ wooden blocks between compartments in $60$ seconds; healthy adults move roughly $75-90$ blocks.

Functional Independence Measure (FIM)

A measure of disability that indicates how much assistance is required for ADLs, including bowel and bladder control, transfers, and social cognition.

Dizziness Handicap Inventory

A 25-item self-report questionnaire assessing the impact of dizziness on daily life.

Disability Rating Scale (DRS)

A tool that tracks an individual's recovery from coma to community, measuring functional changes for those with moderate to severe TBI.

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)

A standardized measure for level of consciousness scored from $3-15$ based on eye opening, verbal response, and motor response.

Ranchos Los Amigos Level of Cognitive Functioning

A 10-level scale describing behavioral characteristics and cognitive deficits to identify patterns of recovery for people with brain injury.

Mini Mental Status Exam (MMSE)

A brief screening tool providing a quantitative assessment of cognitive impairment and recording changes over time.

Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS)

A measure of spasticity in CNS lesion patients where a score of $0$ indicates no increased tone and $4$ indicates the part is rigid in flexion or extension.

Tardieu Scale

A measure of spasticity assessing muscle response to stretch at velocities $V1$ (slow), $V2$ (gravity speed), and $V3$ (fast), with quality of reaction scored $0-5$.

Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA)

One of the most widely used measures of motor impairment, balance, sensation, and ROM for recovery in post-stroke hemiplegic patients.

Stroke Impact Scale (SIS)

A self-report questionnaire evaluating disability and health-related quality of life after stroke across domains like ADLs, cognition, and social relationships.

Chedoke-McMaster Stroke Assessment

An assessment of physical impairment and disability after stroke that classifies physical impairment based on stages of recovery.

Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)

A scale of $0-10$ used to evaluate neurological impairments in Multiple Sclerosis; a score of $5$ indicates disability affects daily function but the patient can walk $200\,meters$ without aid.

Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS)

A self-report measure evaluating the physical and psychological impacts of Multiple Sclerosis.

Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS)

A self-report questionnaire for individuals with MS assessing how fatigue impacts physical, cognitive, and psychosocial functioning.

Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39)

A self-report questionnaire for individuals with Parkinson's assessing difficulties in 8 areas, including mobility, ADLs, and stigma.

Hoehn and Yahr Classification of Disability

A rating scale describing the progression of Parkinson’s symptoms from Stage $0$ (no signs) to Stage $5$ (wheelchair or bedridden).

Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS)

A tool consisting of 6 sections, including the motor section and Modified Hoehn and Yahr Scale, used to gauge the course of Parkinson's.

ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS)

A questionnaire for individuals with ALS assessing 12 areas of function including speech, swallowing, dressing, and breathing.

SCAT

A baseline testing tool for concussion management in individuals $13$ years or older, including cognitive and balance examinations.

Immediate Post-concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT)

A computer-based program for individuals aged $12-80$ measuring memory, reaction time, and processing speed to determine return to sport.

King Devick Test

A sideline concussion screening test assessing eye movement, attention, and language; a score $> 5\,seconds$ difference from baseline is predictive of a concussive event.

Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS)

An observational tool for infants aged $18\,months$ or younger to evaluate motor performance and development over time.

Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2)

An evaluation of fine and gross motor skills for children and young adults (ages $4-21$).

Peabody Developmental Motor Scale (PDMS-2)

Evaluates motor development in children birth to $5\,years$ old, using gross motor subtests (reflexes, stationary, locomotion, object manipulation) and fine motor subtests.

Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS)

A 5-level system for children with cerebral palsy (ages $0-18$) where Level I represents walking without restrictions and Level V represents very limited self-mobility.

Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM)

An observational tool measuring change in gross motor task completion in children with cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, or acquired brain injuries.

10 Meter Walk Test

Assesses walking speed in $\text{m/s}$ across a $10$-meter distance, excluding the $2$-meter initiation and termination phases.

30 Second Sit to Stand Test

Assesses functional lower extremity strength in older adults; an inability to perform at least $5$ repetitions without using arms indicates a high risk of decline.

5x Sit to Stand

A tool where scores over $15\,seconds$ represent a high risk of falls in older adults, while healthy adults typically finish in under $10\,seconds$.

6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT)

A sub-maximal endurance test measuring total distance walked in $6\,minutes$; less than $300\,meters$ is associated with higher morbidity and mortality.

Balance Error Scoring System (BESS)

An objective measure for assessing static postural stability designed for individuals who have suffered a concussion.

Dynamic Gait Index (DGI)

Assesses balance while walking with external demands, testing 8 aspects including head turns, pivot turns, and stepping over obstacles.

Berg Balance Scale (BERG)

A 14-item measure of static and dynamic balance scored out of $56$; a score of $20$ or lower indicates high fall risk.

Tinetti Test (POMA)

A tool assessing balance and gait scored out of $28$ ($16$ for balance, $12$ for gait); a score of $18$ or lower suggests high fall risk.

Functional Reach Test

Measures stability by the maximal forward reach distance while standing; reach of $6\text{''}/15\,cm$ or less indicates a fall risk $4$ times greater than normal.

Timed Up and Go (TUG)

Assesses mobility and fall risk by timing a patient as they stand, walk $3\,meters$, turn, and sit back down; a score $\geq 13.5\,seconds$ indicates high fall risk.

BORG Scale

A self-report rating of perceived exertion; the original version scales from $6$ (no exertion) to $20$ (maximal exertion).

Sing Talk Gasp Scale

A self-report measure of breathlessness where 'Sing' indicates minimal breathlessness and 'Gasp' indicates maximum breathlessness during activity.