ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY (AKI)

Topic: AKI Definition

Sudden deterioration in kidney function resulting in impaired waste elimination and fluid/electrolyte disturbances

Topic: AKI Classification: Prerenal

Problem before kidney due to decreased renal blood flow

Topic: AKI Classification: Intrarenal

Damage occurs within the kidney

Topic: AKI Classification: Postrenal

Urine outflow is obstructed

Topic: AKI Phase 1: Onset

Hours to days; may be asymptomatic; ↓UO ↓GFR

Topic: AKI Phase 2: Oliguric

1-3 weeks; ↓↓UO ↑K ↑BUN/Crea ↑Edema Fatigue

Topic: AKI Phase 3: Diuretic

Treatment given; ↑↑UO ↓Electrolytes (dilutional) ↓Edema

Topic: AKI Phase 4: Recovery

Months to years; Normal UO BUN/Crea GFR

Topic: AKI Clinical Manifestations

Changes in UO/SG Electrolyte imbalance (hyperkalemia hyponatremia) Fluid imbalance Metabolic acidosis GI effects Mental status changes Anemia

Topic: AKI Diagnostics

↑BUN/Crea ECG changes (+)hematuria/proteinuria ↑USG Imaging (XRAY CT UTZ)

Topic: AKI Treatment/Nursing Interventions

Treat underlying cause Monitor VS/I&O/Diet ECG Bloodworks/Urine Emotional support Dialysis