B & Immune: Intro

true or false , Lymphocyte come in b cells and t cells

true

Neutrophils

the capacity to specifically recognise and engulf microbes and eat them.

Pathology:
Pathology

the study of diseases and how they progress

Pathogen

Something that causes a disease, for example bacteria or virus

Immune system

a system of defenses to stop invading pathogen

Immunogenic

something which induces an immune response in the body, this can be a humoral (antibody) and/ or cell-mediated immune response

Antigen

A molecule that induces a immune response via a lymphocyte. Pathogens have many antigens on their surface.

Antibody

a molecular component of the immune systen that recongises and binds (interacts with) antigens.

Innate immunity (1 st line)

• first line of response

• external innate defence

• skin, mucus, secretions

• easiest way to stop something

Innate Immunity (2nd line)

• internal innate defences

• phagocytic cells

• immune cell-based responses

• natural killer cells, defensive proteins, and an inflammatory response.

phagocytes

 Recognise general features on the outside of bacteria. They can engulf the bacteria. They pump out molecules - cytokines to signal the rest of the immune system. - this causes inflammation

Adaptive immune response (3rd line)

Signal for other types of lympocytes to delevolp and save the person. (b and T cells)

B cells

develop and specialise in bone marrow, and make antibodies, then anti bodies sit in the plasma of our blood

T cells (help T cells)

develop in bone marrow and mature in the thymus,

send signals and specifically engage with othe rimmune cells to help them continue their function.

B cells and T cells are activate dhow?

through a specific pathogen, which binds to their receptors on the outside of them (these are called epitopes). pahtogens are highly spefic to each one so it is like a ‘lock and key‘. after this they replicate themselves

Epitope

The 3 -5 amino acids on the outside of an antigen that bind to recpetor of b or t cell.