Health Final Exam (ch. 18, 19, 22, & 23) Practice Questions

Which endocrine gland controls other endocrine glands?

pituitary gland

What does the pancreas regulate?

sugar levels in the blood

Which hormones control sperm production?

LH, FSH, testosterone

What happens on days 14-15 of an average menstrual cycle?

an ovary releases an egg

Which of the following is a genetic disorder?

cystic fibrosis

hormone

substance released by endocrine glands

testes

structures where sperm are produced

ova

name of female reproductive cells (the egg)

menstruation

shedding of the uterine lining

chromosomes

tiny structures you inherit from your parents

T or F: The endocrine system controls many of the body's daily activities.

True

T or F: The union of sperm and egg is called ejaculation.

False

T or F: Toxic shock syndrome is caused by bacteria.

True

T or F: Heredity is the transmission of biological traits from parent to child.

True

T or F: A recessive trait appears only when the dominant form of the gene is present.

False

Puberty starts when the ___________ signals the pituitary to produce LH and FSH.

hypothalamus

The only way to eliminate the risk of STIs is sexual _____________.

abstinence

An X-ray of the breast that can help detect breast cancer is a(n) ____________.

monogram

Describe 3 functions of the male reproductive system.

1. sperm production

2. testosterone production

3. fertilization of an ova

Summarize the stages of the menstrual cycle.

Stage 1: days 1-4 the uterine lining is shed.

Stage 2: days 5-13 the egg matures in the ovaries.

Stage 3: days 14-15 the egg is released.

Stage 4: days 16-22 the egg travels down the fallopian tube.

Stage 5: days 23-28 the egg enters the uterus.

(during sages 2, 3, 4, 5 the uterine lining continues to thicken until the cycle repeats again)

From the third month until birth, the developing baby is called a(n)

fetus

Which complication during pregnancy occurs when the blastocyst implants in the fallopian tube?

ectopic pregnancy

Which occurs first during child birth?

labor

In the first week after fertilization, the fertilized egg

undergoes many cell divisions

Which does not play a role in nourishing the developing embryo and fetus?

cervix

Which should be avoided during pregnancy?

mercury

Which prenatal test is used to check the position of the fetus in the uterus?

ultrasound

birth to eighteen months

child cries for help, child learns to sit and crawl

eighteen months to three years

child learns to talk

three to six years

child learns to play with others

seven to twelve years old

child has many interests and hobbies, child becomes less self-centered

Late childhood, the ages between 9 and 12, is also called _______________.

pre-adolescence

The first six weeks after birth during which many changes occur in the mother and the newborn is called ____________ period.

postpartum

A pregnancy is divided into three periods of time called _____________.

trimesters

The process in which a blastocyst attaches itself to the wall of the uterus is called ____________.

implantation

Twins that develop from two different fertilized eggs are _________ twins.

fraternal

Explain the importance of prenatal care during pregnancy.

Prenatal care during pregnancy is vital. This is because the health of the mother and fetus are being considered. Keeping up with health, vitamins, and the development of the baby assures that the baby is growing correctly and healthily.

Describe four possible complicating factors at birth.

There are many complications when it comes to birth. A few include low birthweight, birth positioning, early births, and umbilical chord complications. Low birthweight and early births usually go hand-in-hand. This can lead to a baby needing extra medical care until it reaches a healthy weight. The baby's position during birth could cause a mother to require c-section, and lastly, if the umbilical chord wraps around a baby's neck it can restrict oxygen flow (requiring immediate action).

Which behavior helps account for the current STI epidemic?

having multiple sexual partners

The most common bacterial STI in the US is

chlamydia

Which is NOT a way that HIV can pass from one person to another?

hair

How many people are infected with HIV and AIDS worldwide?

34 million

Why is a second HIV test done if antibodies are detected in the first test?

to verify the results

opportunistic infection

infection that attacks a person who has a weakened immune system

infertility

condition of being unable to have children

vaginitis

vaginal infection or irritation

viral load

number of virus particles circulating in the body

universal precaution

disposing of syringes and needles properly

T or F: choosing responsible friends is an important way to avoid STIs.

True

T or F: Trichomoniasis is rare in the US.

False

T or F: A mother can pass HIV to her child only during childbirth.

False

T or F: HIV infections may cause no symptoms for months to years.

True

T or F: The main goal of HIV treatment is to kill all the HIV viruses in the body.

False

Any pathogen that is transmitted through sexual contact is a(n) __________ ________ ________.

sexually transmitted infection

Inflammation of the lining of the urethra is called __________.

urethritis

The best way to avoid STIs and HIV is to practice _____________ ___________.

sexual abstinence

Describe risky behaviors that contribute to the spread of STIs

Some risky behaviors that contribute to the spread of STIs include multiple sexual partners, never getting tested even though you are sexually active, and sharing needles that are not cleaned properly.

Explain how to protect yourself HIV infection.

The best way to protect yourself from HIV is to stay sexually abstinent. If you cannot refrain, then it is best to continually get checked every couple of months.

Which is a behavior that can lower your risk for cardiovascular disease?

exercising regularly

A cancerous tumor is known as

malignant

What chemical is responsible for the symptoms of an allergy?

histamine

In which disease does the membrane surrounding a joint become inflamed?

rheumatoid arthritis

When interacting with a hearing-impaired person, you should

touch the person gently to gain attention

cancer

a group of diseases that involves rapid, uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells

diabetes

a disease in which the body's ability to use glucose is impaired

asthma

a disorder in which a person's respiratory passages become inflamed and narrow significantly in react to certain "triggers"

allergy

a disorder in which the immune system is overly sensitive to a particular substance not normally found in the body

arthritis

inflammation or irritation of a joint

T or F: The key to curing cancer is early detection and treatment.

True

T or F: Oncogenes are cancer-causing agents in the environemnt.

False

T or F: You can prevent type 2 diabetes by maintaining a desirable body weight and exercising regularly.

True

T or F: Managing asthma involves exposing oneself to triggers to prevent asthma attacks.

False

T or F: The American with Disabilities Act guarantees the civil rights of Americans who have physical or mental disabilities.

True

Disease that persists for a long period or recur throughout life are called __________ diseases.

chronic

The spread of cancer from where it first develops to other parts of the body is called ______________.

metastasis

A hormone produced by the pancreas that stimulates body cells to take and use blood sugar is _________.

insulin

Explain why managing stress is important for your cardiovascular health.

Managing stress is important because it can affect your blood pressure levels. Having a high blood pressure can lead to serious heart conditions.

How are type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes similar, and how are they different.

Type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes both pertain to issues with insulin. However, type 1 is when your body simply does not produce enough insulin. Type 2 diabetes is when your body does produce insulin, but the receptors of your cells are not taking in or processing the insulin correctly/properly.