Geology 1121- Quiz 4 (Ch.6)

What happens in transportation?

clasts move from outcrops to depositional areas

What are the processes of transportation?

water, wind, ice

What happens in transportation?

clasts move from outcrops to depositional areas

What are the processes of transportation?

water, wind, ice

What process of transportation moves large particles?

ice

What happens during deposition?

sediments settle out of water, wind, or ice

What happens during burial?

preservation of sediments in sedimentary basins

What are the 4 processes of sedimentary rocks?

transportation, deposition, burial, lithification

What happens during lithification?

physical and chemical changes that harden sediments into sedimentary rocks

What are the two processes in lithification?

compaction and cementation

What happens during compaction (lithification process)?

pressure squeezes sediment together

What happens during cementation (lithification process)?

minerals grow in pore spaces

What are pore spaces?

empty space between grains in sediments

What does texture mean in sedimentary rocks?

particle size and shape

Rocks with a bigger particle size require (more, less) transport

less

Rocks with a smaller particle size require (more, less) transport

more

Rocks with an angular shape require (more, less) transport

less

Rocks with a round shape require (more, less) transport

more

What does well sorted particles mean?

particles are the same size

What does poorly sorted particles mean?

particles are different sizes

What does the wentworth scale measure?

organizes particle size

What is the order of particle sizes from largest to smallest?

Boulder, cobbles, pebbles, sand, silt, clay

How large is a boulder particle size?

bigger than your fist

How big is a cobble particle size?

approx. the size of your fist

How big is a pebble particle size?

fingernail size

What does composition mean in terms of sedimentary rocks?

rock fragments or minerals in rocks

Name the rock: sand size particles, grain made from quartz

quartz sandstone

Name the rock: pebble size particles, round shape

conglomerate

Name the rock: clay/silt sized clasts that break into sheets

shale

How are chemical sedimentary rocks formed?

precipitation, evaporation, replacement, or recrystallization of minerals

What is the composition of chemical sedimentary rocks?

mineral

What are the textures of chemical sedimentary rocks?

crystalline and clastic

What rocks are formed by precipitation?

travertine and crystalline limestone

What are ALL limestones made of and what is their special property?

calcite; fizzes with HCl

What rocks are formed by evaporation?

gypsum and rock salt

What rocks are formed by recrystallization of minerals?

chert

What rocks are formed by replacement?

dolostone and dolomite

What rock does the mineral rock form?

rock gypsum

What rock does the mineral oolitic limestone form?

calcite

What rock does the mineral chert form?

quartz

What rock does the mineral dolomite form?

dolostone

What type of particle size is typically found in shoreline environments?

sand, silt, clay

What type of particle size is typically found in beach environments?

sand and gravel

What type of particle size is typically found in tidal flat environments?

sand, mud

What type of particle size is typically found in marine environments?

sand and mud

What type of particle size is typically found in continental shelf environments?

sand and mud

What type of rock is typically found in delta environments?

sandstone, shale

What type of rock is typically found in beach environments?

sandstone, shale, limestone

What type of rock is typically found in tidal flat environments?

sandstone and shale

What type of rock is typically found in marine environments?

calcite, dolomite, limestone

What type of rock is typically found in continental shelf environments?

sandstone and shale

What type of rock is typically found in organic reef environments?

fossiliferous limestone

What are the types of shoreline environments?

deltas, beaches, and tidal flats

What are the types of marine environments?

seas, continental shelf, organic reef

What are the types of continental environments?

lakes, rivers, deserts, glaciers

What is a sedimentary environment?

an area of sediment deposition

What type of particle size is typically found in lake environments?

silt, clay, organic matter

What type of particle size is typically found in river environments?

sand, mud, gravel, organic matter

What type of particle size is typically found in desert environments?

sand

If a river environment is near mountains, what particle size is typically found?

sand, mud

What type of particle size is typically found in glacier environments?

sand, mud, gravel, boulders

What is the texture of biochemical sedimentary rock?

clastic, crystalline

What rocks are considered biochemical sedimentary rock?

fossiliferous limestone, chert

What rock forms from shells?

coquina

What rock forms from quartz?

chert

What rock forms from calcite?

fossiliferous limestone

How do organic sedimentary rocks form?

organic debris